Abstract Ultrasound has become an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and early detection of most widespread diseases. It is characterized by availability, ease and cheapness. The study evaluated diabetic eyes using ultrasound. Diabetes is a very common disease in the world population. It not only causes fatigue but also affects the economy of countries. The aim of the present study is to study the role of B-scan. Ultrasonography in the eye for diabetic patients. A descriptive analytical study was conducted between June 2016 to June 2019 on 300 patients (141Female and 159 Male ) their age range between 35-77, years old presenting to Makkah Ophthalmology Hospital in Khartoum. B-scan Ultrasound (with A-scan overlay) was performed with a 10 Mhz probe. The current study revealed that the most affected age group was (60-69), (50- 59) years (61%) & (18.3%) respectively then (70-77) (13%) the last group is the (35-49) which was (7.7%), most of them from Khartoum,.According to the duration of disease groups (10-19 ) years 209 (69.7%), (20-29) years 86 (28.7%) and (30-35) years were the most affected patients ,most of the patients with Diabetes (type II) (91%) and (type I) (9%), According to the associated diseases, patients with diabetes and hypertension (163 (54.3%), diabetes and trauma 57 (19%), trauma and hypertension 60 (20%), the right eye was more affected 155 (51.7%), the most ultrasound finding was retinal detachment 64 (21.3 %), vitreous hemorrhage 38 (12.7%), hyper mature catract 36 (12%), vitreous change 32 (10.7%), vitreous detachment 27 (9%), retinal detachment + vitreous hemorrhage 24 (8%), mature catract 21 (7%), retinal detachment + mature catract 8 (2.7 %), vitreous detachment + vitreous V change 5 (1.7%) . male were more affected p. value (0.01)). A Correlation done between duration of disease and final diagnose , it was found that there was no significant relation between them p. value (0.452). There was no significant correlation between type 2 and ultrasound finding p.value (0.204), there was relationship between patient history and final diagnose p value (0.000) ,Comparing between controlled and non-controlled DM , there was no significant correlation p.value (0.224) ,and (77.3%) of patients are treated with insulin, It concluded that B- scan ultrasonography was the initial imaging modality opted in most of the cases as it was readily available, simple, cost effective, non-ionizing, noninvasive and reliable modality. It has a higher spatial and temporal resolution for the diagnosis of eye for diabetic patients pathologies, ultrasound must be uses routinely in the evaluation of the eyes of diabetics and also this research could form a database for further research in this area in the future.

Table of Content

Item Page no

I األية

Dedication II

Acknowledgement III

English abstract IV

Arabic abstract VI

Table of contents VIII

List of tables X

List of figures XI

List of Abbreviation XIII

Chapter One

Introduction

Introduction 1

Problems of study 2

Objectives of study 2

Chapter Two

Literature Reviews

anatomy of the eye 3

Sonographic Anatomy 66

Ocular physiology of the eye 24

The Visual System Pathways to the Brain 64

Ultrasound Physical 26

Pathology 67

Previous study 08

IX

Chapter Three

Materials and Methods

Material of the study 42

Chapter Four

Results of the study 45

Chapter Five

Discussion 62

Conclusion 66

Recommendation 67

References 68

Appendices

Appendix (1) 70

Appendix (2) 70