Summary

Various  questions  have  been  raised  as  to  the  best  way  to  motivate  employees. However,  answers  given  only  raised  a  cause  for  movement  and  not  motivation (Herzberg,  1987).  Considering  how  relevant  employees  have  become  in  this Globalisation era which has heralded perfect competition, it therefore imperative that the major cause of motivation is identified and applied (Bourantas, 1999). Owing to this quagmire, (Herzberg,  1987) therefore postulated  a  two-factor theory  which  he  called motivator and hygiene factor. 

However,  the  objective  of  this  dissertation  was  based  on  measuring  motivator  and hygiene  factors  in  Boots  plc,  Victoria.  This  research  therefore  explored  various literatures  on  work  motivation.  The  motivator  factors  measured  were  Achievement, Recognition, Work Itself, Responsibility, Advancement and Growth while the Hygiene factors measured were Company policies and administration, Supervision, Relationship with  supervisor,  Working  conditions,  Salary,  Relationship  with  peers,  Personal  life, Status and Job security. 50 samples were chosen consisting of the employees at Boots Victoria  and  questionnaires  were  given  to  them.  To  counter  check  the  result,  an interview was done with 2 managers. This dissertation employed a deductive approach and a positivist stance was taken with a perfect consideration of all ethical issues to avoid harm to participant. 

After  thorough  examination  of  the  motivator-hygiene  factors,  it  was  deduced  that motivator and hygiene factors were not adequately in use in Boots plc which has given rise  to  de-motivation  of  employees.  However,  recommendations have  been  given  to improve on the factors that caused de-motivation.

Table of content

Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………………ii

Author’s Declaration……………………………………………………………………….iii

Summary……………………………………………………………………………………iv

Tables of content…………………………………………………………………………..v

List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………….....viii

List of Figures………………………………………………………………………………ix

List of Appendix……………………………………………………………………………xi

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………. 1

1.1Motivation……………………………………………………………………………. 1

1.2Boots ………………………………………………………………………………… 5

1.3Research Question…………………………………………………………………. 5

1.4Aims………………………………………………………………………………….. 5

1.5Objectives.…………………………………………………………………………… 5

1.6Dissertation outline.………………………………………………………………… 5

Literature Review……………………………………………………………………….. 7

2.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..7

2.2 Content theories…………………………………………………………………….7

2.3 Process theories…………………………………………………………………….17

2.4 Motivation in Boots UK……………………………………………………………..24

Methodology……………………………………………………………………………..26

3.1 Research Design……………………………………………………………………26

3.1.1 Research Philosophies…………………………………………………………..26

3.1.2 Research Approach………………………………………………………………28

3.1.3 Research Strategies……………………………………………………………...28

3.1.4 Research Choices………………………………………………………………...29

3.1.5 Time Horizons……………………………………………………………………..30

3.2 Methods of Data collection…………………………………………………………30

3.2.1 Primary Data………………………………………………………………………30

3.2.2 Secondary Data…………………………………………………………………..31

3.3 Ethical Issues……………………………………………………………………….31

3.4 Population and Sample……………………………………………………………32

3.5 Questionnaire Design……………………………………………………………..32

3.5.1 Indices of Questionnaire design……………………………………………….33

3.6 Questionnaire Administration…………………………………………………….34

3.7 Reliability and Validity…………………………………………………………….34

Findings…………………………………………………………………………………36

4.1 Data collection and analysis……………………………………………………..36

4.2.1 Demographic Profile of Employees…………………………………………...36

4.2.1 Gender…………………………………………………………………………...36

4.2.2 Age………………………………………………………………………………..37

4.2.3 Duration of employment………………………………………………………..37

4.2.4 Level of Education……………………………………………………………...38

4.3.1 Motivator Factors……………………………………………………………….38

4.3.2 Achievement…………………………………………………………………….38

4.3.3 Recognition……………………………………………………………………...40

4.3.4 Work Itself………………………………………………………………………..41

4.3.5 Responsibility……………………………………………………………………42

4.3.6 Advancement……………………………………………………………………43

4.3.7 Growth…………………………………………………………………………...44

4.4 Hygiene Factors…………………………………………………………………..45

4.4.1 Company policies and administration………………………………………..45

4.4.2 Supervision……………………………………………………………………..46

4.4.3 Relationship with Supervisor…………………………………………………47

4.4.4 Working conditions…………………………………………………………….48

4.4.5 Salary…………………………………………………………………………...49

4.4.6 Relationship with Peers……………………………………………………….50

4.4.7 Personal Life…………………………………………………………………...51

4.4.8 Status…………………………………………………………………………...51

4.4.9 Job Security……………………………………………………………………52

Discussion…………………………………………………………………………….54

5.1 Interpretation of Tables and Charts…………………………………………...54

5.1.1 Demographic Questions……………………………………………………..54

5.1.2 Motivators……………………………………………………………………..55

5.1.3 Hygiene Factors……………………………………………………………...57

5.2 Interpretation of Interview…………………………………………………….58

5.3 Discussion……………………………………………………………………...60

6.1 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………..64

6.2 Recommendation……………………………………………………………..66

6.3 Future Research………………………………………………………………68

Bibliography………………………………………………………………………..69 

                  List of Tables

Table 1……………………………………………………………………………………53

Table 2……………………………………………………………………………………54

List of Figures

Figure 2.0 Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs diagram…………………………………….9

Figure 2.1 Alderfer’s Diagram…………………………………………………………..10

Figure 2.2 Herzberg’s Diagram…………………………………………………………16

Figure 2.3 Hackman & Oldham’s Diagram…………………………………………….17

Figure 2.4 Vroom’s Diagram…………………………………………………………….18

Figure 2.5 Porter & Lawler’s Diagram………………………………………………….19

Figure 2.6 Adam’s equity Diagram……………………………………………………..20

Figure 2.7 Locke’s Diagram……………………………………………………………..22

Figure 2.8 Bandura’s Diagram………………………………………………………….24

Figure 3.1 Research Onion Diagram…………………………………………………..26

Chart 4.1 Gender of respondents………………………………………………………36

Chart 4.2 Age of respondents…………………………………………………………..37

Chart 4.3 Respondents Employment Duration………………………………………..37

Chart 4.4 Level of Education of respondents………………………………………….38

Achievement Charts

Chart 4.5…………………………………………………………………………………..39

Chart 4.6…................................................................................................................39

Recognition Charts

Chart 4.7…………………………………………………………………………………..40

Chart 4.8…………………………………………………………………………………..40

Work Itself Charts

Chart 4.9…………………………………………………………………………………..41

Chart 4.10…………………………………………………………………………………41

Responsibility Charts

Chart 4.11…………………………………………………………………………………42

Chart 4.12…………………………………………………………………………………42

Advancement Charts

Chart 4.13…………………………………………………………………………………43

Chart 4.14………………………………………………………………………………..43

Growth Chart

Chart 4.15…............................................................................................................44

Chart 4.16………………………………………………………………………………..44

Company policies and administration Charts

Chart 4.17………………………………………………………………………………..45

Chart 4.18………………………………………………………………………………..46

Supervision Charts

Chart 4.19………………………………………………………………………………..46

Chart 4.20………………………………………………………………………………..47

Relationship with Supervisor Chart

Chart 4.21………………………………………………………………………………..47

Chart 4.22………………………………………………………………………………..48

Working Conditions Charts

Chart 4.23………………………………………………………………………………..48

Chart 4.24………………………………………………………………………………..49

Salary Chart

Chart 4.25………………………………………………………………………………..49

Relationship with Peers Chart

Chart 4.26…............................................................................................................50

Chart 4.27………………………………………………………………………………..50

Personal life change…………………………………………………………………….51

Status Chart

Chart 4.29………………………………………………………………………………..51

Job security Chart

Chart 4.30……………………………………………………………………………….52         

List of Appendix

Appendix 1: Questionnaire…………………………………………………………………