TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE                                                                     PAGES

CERTIFICATION                                                                      I

DEDICATION                                                                           II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT                                                          III

LIST OF TABLE                                                                       IV

CHAPTER ONE

1.0         INTRODUCTION                                                               1

1.1         BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY                                      1

1.2         STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM                                     3

1.3         OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY                                            4

1.4         RESEARCH QUESTION                                                    5

1.5         HYPOTHESIS FORMULATION                                        6

1.6         SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY                                         7

1.7         SCOPE OF THE STUDY                                                     7

1.8         LIMITATION OF THE STUDY                                          8

CHAPTER TWO

2.0         LITERATURE REVIEW                                                   10

2.1         INTRODUCTION                                                             10

2.2         BUDGETING DEFINED                                                   12

2.3         PURPOSE OF BUDGETING                                             12

2.4         THE BUDGETARY SYSTEM                                          14

2.5         TYPE OF BUDGETING                                                    17

2.6         BUDGET TERM                                                               21

2.7         BUDGET EXCUSION                                                       23

2.8         BUDGET REVIEW AND CONCLUSION                        24

CHAPTER THREE

3.0         RESEARCH METHODOLOGY                                        28

3.1         INTRODUCTION                                                             28

3.2         POPULATION OF THE STUDY                                       28

3.3         IDENTIFICATION OF SAMPLE SIZE                             29

3.4         DATA COLLECTION METHOD                                      29

3.5         PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSIS DATA COLLECTED     31

3.6         RESEARCH DESIGN                                                        31

3.7         ADMINISTRATION OF DATA COLLECTION          INSTRUMENT                                                                  32

3.8         HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE CASE STUDY 33

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0         DATA PRESENTATION ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION                                                          36

4.1         INTRODUCTION                                                             36

4.2         PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA          ACCORDING TO RESEARCH QUESTION                    36

4.3         TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS                                           43

4.4         RESULT FINDINGS                                                         48

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0    SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1         SUMMARY                                                                       55

5.2         CONCLUSION                                                                  56

5.3         RECOMMENDATION                                                      57

BIBLIOGRAPHY                                                                      59

CHAPTER ONE

1.0         INTRODUCTION

1.1         BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Budgeting concept is as old as man. We learn from history that the warmly man had to determine what ever he needed in advance before it eventually materialized.

This is very obvious in the present day lives of individual of state or a nation. As a nation plan ahead in term of revenue and expenditure within a specified period of time. So also an individual or state conceptualized anticipated revenue and disbursement within a specified period of time.

Every establishment, be it public or private when planning, find it necessary to incorporate budget and institute a proper executive for the purpose of translating policies, coordinating activities as well as financial control in order to achieve the last result. Budget planning is the process of preparing detailed short term plans know as budget for the function activities and departments of the organization and converting the long term corporate plan into action. The budgetary process is an integral part of both with planning and control. Too often budget are associated with negative penny pending control activities where as the full process is much broader and more positive than that. Budgeting is about making plans for the future implementing those plans and monitoring activities to see whether they conform to the plan. To do this successfully, it requires full top management support, co-operative and motive middle managers and staff, as well as organized reporting system. The need for control system and performance report has become over more critical in every years as a result of excessive budget restriction even for the manufacturing and service organization.