TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL ................................................................................................................................... ii
DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................. iv
ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................... v
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. ix
CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................... .1
1.1. Background to the Study .......................................................................................................... !
1.2 Statement of the Problem ........................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Research Hypothesis .................................................................................................................. 5
1.4 Objectives of the study .............................................................................................................. 5
1.4.1 General objective .................................................................................................................... 5
1.4.2 Specific objectives .................................................................................................................. 6
1.5 Significance of the Study ........................................................................................................... 6
1.6 Research Methodology .............................................................................................................. 6
1.6.1 Methods of Data Collection .................................................................................................... 7
1.6.2.1. Libraries .............................................................................................................................. 7
1.6.1.2 Online Sources ..................................................................................................................... 7
I. 7 Literatme Review ...................................................................................................................... 7
1.8 Scope of the Study ................................................................................................................... 11
1.8.1 Conceptual Scope ................................................................................................................. !!
1.8.2 Geographical Scope .............................................................................................................. 12
1.8.3 Time Scope ........................................................................................................................... 12
1.9 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... l2
CHAPTER TWO: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY ............................... 13
2.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. l3
2.1 Definition of Socialism ............................................................................................................ l3
2.2 Basic Characteristic Of Socialism ........................................................................................... 13
vi
2.3. Practices of socialism in Tanzania .......................................................................................... l5
2.4 Historical Context of Socialism in Tanzania ........................................................................... 16
2.4.1 Slave Trade ........................................................................................................................... 18
2.4.2. Consequences of the Slave Trade ........................................................................................ 19
2.4.3. Dehumanisation of the African Person ................................................................................ 19
2.4.4. Loss of Self-Confidence ...................................................................................................... 20
3.4.5. The Economic Effects of Slave Trade ................................................................................. 21
2.4.6. Poverty due to Civil Wars .................................................................................................... 21
2.4.7. Poverty due to Population Loss ........................................................................................... 22
2.4.8. Racialism ............................................................................................................................. 22
2.4.9. Disappearance of the Attitude of 'Familyhood' .................................................................. 23
2.4.1 0. Development oflndividualism or Selfishness ................................................................... 24
2.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 25
CHAPTER THREE: THE BASIC TENETS OF UJAMAA ................................................... 27
3.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 27
3 .I The Arusha Declaration (AD) ................................................................................................. 29
3.2 The Intention of Building Socialism ....................................................................................... .31
3.3 Strategies towards achieving Socialism ................................................................................... 33
3.4 Nationalisation ........................................................................................................................ .33
3.5 Creation ofUjaama Villages .................................................................................................. .35
3.6 Describing the Meaning of Ideology ...................................................................................... .36
3.7 Ideology Has No History ........................................................................................................ .37
3.8 Forming and Transforming Society ......................................................................................... 39
CHAPTER FOUR: ASSESSMENT OF UJAAMA AS APPLIED IN TANZANIA ............ .41
4.0. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 41
4.1 Ujaama: Conscious or Unconscious phenomenon? ............................................................... ..41
4.2. Ideology: An Imaginary Relationship to Reality ................................................................... .43
4.3. The Contribution ofNyerere's Ujaama ................................................................................. .43
4.4. Offer ofNyerere's Ujaama 1960s- !980s ............................................................................. .43
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4.5. Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 50
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................... ,52
5.0. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 52
5.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 52
5.2 Recommendation .................................................................................. , .................................. 52
REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... , ....... 54
ABSTRACT This research paper concerns itself with the question of what Nyerere's particular version of Ujarnaa (socialism) is. It therefore puts focus and emphasis on the themes that surrounded and were premised on socialism as applied in Tanzania pursued by Mwalimu Julius Nyerere as an ideology in order to provide its conceptual account. It is thus an account of the ideology of Ujarnaa in both theory and practice. Suffice to note the writings of Nyerere are used as the Primary source of data together with those of other authors and academicians to get a better understanding of the ideology of socialism as pursued by Nyerere, it is about the development and construction of the particular social, cultural, and political theory and practice. In order to achieve the aim of this study, a library based research project has been conducted and internet based information, have been considered in order to find out how they dealt with the issue of socialist ideology in Africa where Tanzania was case study. After assessment of socialist ideology as applied in Africa, it was found therefore conclude that to build and maintain socialist state it is essential in that all the major means of production and exchange in the nation are controlled and owned by the peasants through the machinery of their government and their co-operatives. It was recommended, inter alia, that the African countries should embrace socialism where there are to be in control of means of production which will avert the dependence of colonial economic hegemony, if embraced it will help in development and construction of the particular social, cultural, and political theory and practice of Afi·ican socialism.
