Contents

TITLE PAGEi

CERTIFICATION AND APPROVALii

DEDICATIONiii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTiv

ABSTRACTv

TABLE OF CONTENTSvi

LIST OF FIGURES      viii

CHAPTER ONE1

INTRODUCTION1

1.1: PROBLEM STATEMENT1

1.2: THE AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE CLAP ON-CLAP OFF SWICHT2

1.3:  JUSTIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH2

1.4: LITERATURE REVIEW2

CHAPTER TWO5

THEORY AND PICTORIAL ANALYSIS5

2.1: THEORITICAL ANALYSIS5

2.2: BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION               6

2.3:   IMPLEMENTED COMPONENTS6

2.31: CONDENSER MICROPHONE6

2.32: RESISTORS          7

2.33: CAPACITORS          8    2.34: TRANSISTORS          8

2.35: 555 IC TIMER          9

2.36: LIGHT EMITTING DIODE          9

2.37: BATTERY        10

2.38: IC 7474        11

CHAPTER 312

CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN12

3.1: THE CIRCUIT12

3.2: THE D-FLIP-FLOP CIRCUIT      13

3.21: FUNCTION/TRUTH TABLE13

3.3: THE 555 IC TIMER CIRCUIT       14

3.4: DESIGN CALCULATIONS15

3.41: FOR TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER        15

3.42: FOR THE MICROPHONE        15

CHAPTER 417

CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING17

4.1: CONSTRUCTION AND CHALLENGES17

4.2: TESTING        17

CHAPTER 519

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION       19 

5.1: CONCLUSION19

5.2: RECOMMENDATION19

REFERENCES CITED20

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLE

FIG1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SINGLE CLAP-ON CLAP-OFF SWITCH5

FIG2: CIRCUIT SYMBOL AND DIAGRAM OF A CONDENSER MICROPHONE7

FIG3: THE SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION OF A RESISTOR7

FIG4: DIAGRAM OF THE ELECTRONIC SYMBOL OF A RESISTOR8

FIG5: DIAGRAM OF BC547 TRANCISTOR9

FIG6: DIAGRAM OF 555 IC TIMER9

FIG7: DIAGRAM OF AN LED9

FIG8: DIAGRAM AND SYMBOLLIC REPRESENTATON OF A BATTERY10

FIG9: DIAGRAM OF A COMPLETE CLAP-ON CLAP-OFF SWITCH CIRCUIT12

FIG10a: SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF A D TYPE FLIP-FLOP13

FIG10b: DIAGRAM OF SYMBOLIC NAND GATE ARRANGEMENT IN D TYPE FLIP-FLOP13 FIG11a:  555 IC TIMER INTERNAL CIRCUIT14 FIG11b: 555 IC TIMER PIN-OUT DIAGRAM14

FIG12a: PICTURE OF WORKING SWITCH ON BREAD BOARD AFTER FIRST CLAP18

FIG12b: PICTURE OF WORKING CIRCUIT ON VERO-BOARD AT OFF-STATE18

TABLE

TABLE1: D FLIP-FLOP FUNCTION/TRUTH TABLE1

     Abstract 

This project is all about a switch that turns on and off by the simple action of clapping. When a first clap is sensed by the sound sensor, the switch turns on and on sensing another clap, it turns off.

It is made to aid the handicapped and those who find it difficult to reach for the switch and it can be used to control all appliances that use switches.