TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION----------------------------

APPROVAL--------------------------------ii

DEDICATION-------------------------------111

ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS--------------------------v

ABSTRACT-------------------------------vii

CHAPTERONE----------------------------1

INTRODUCTION--------------------------

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.3.2

1.4

1.5

1.6

Background of the study Statement of the problem --------------------------2 ·--------------------------2 -------------------------2 Objectives of the study Specific objectives will be to; Research questions ----------------------------2 Scope of the study --------------------------3 Significance of the study ------------------------3 CHAPTER TW0----------------------------4

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 4

2.0 Introduction 4

I. I Causes of Gender-based Violence------------------------4 2.2 Factors contributing to violence against women --------------------5

2.1 Consequences of Gender-based Violence 6

CHAPTER THREE 8

METHODOLOGY 8

3.0 Introduction 8

3. I Research design 8

3.2 Study population 8

3.3 Sample Framework 8

3.3.l Sample size 8

3.3.2 Sample technique 9

3.3.3 Sample procedure 9

3.4 Methods for data collection 9

3 .4.1 Instrnments 9

3 .4.2 Sources of data 9

3.5 Data processing------------ IO

3.6 Data analysis IO

V

CHAPTERFOUR---------------------------11

PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION OF THE FINDINGS l l

4.1 Introduction l l

4. l Socio-Economic background l l

4.2 Causes of Domestic Violence 12

4.2.1 Human Socialization 12

4.2.2 Alcohol Consumption 13

4.2.3 Polygamy 13

4.2.4 Sex Outside Maniage 14

4.2.5 Barrenness/Impotence 14

4.3 Effects of Domestic Violence on Women 14

4.3.1 Effects on Socio-Economic Development 14

4.3.2 Effects on Maternal Health 15

4.3.3 Effects on Family Planning 16

4.3.4 Effects on STDs and AIDS prevention 17

4.4 Factors For The Increased Prevalence Of Domestic Violence 19

4.4.1 Socio-Cultural Factors 19

4.4.2 Traditions and Customs 20

4.4.4 Legal Factors 20

4.4.5 Lack of Commitment by Government 21

4.4.6 Economic Dependency 21

CHAPTER FIVE 22

SUMMARY OF THE MAJOR FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 22

5.1 Introduction 22

5.2 Summary of Findings 22

5.2 Conclusion 22

5.4 Recommendations 23

REFERENCES -----------------------------27

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE COMMUNITY 28

INTERVIEW GUIDE FOR NGO OFFICIALS 31

INTERVIEW GUIDE FOR COMMUNITY LEADER 32

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study to investigate the causes and effects of Gender based violence in Kazo County ofKiruhura District. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the causes of gender based violence on women in Kazo County, to examine the effects of gender based violence on women in Kazo County and to make policy recommendations for reducing the problem of gender based violence. The methods used for data collection were questionnaires and interview guides to the respondents who paiiicipated in this study. In chapter four, the findings were presented and interpreted in relation to the study objectives and research questions. While linking to the existing literature, results included demographic characteristics, frequency and percentages. Based on the findings it was observed that the gender based violence affects people negatively and that some thing must be done to stop the practice. In chapter five, development of solutions to the problem, summary of the findings and conclusions were attempted. The findings suggested recommendations on areas pertaining to the  problem of gender based violence.