CHAIPTER ONE LII Introduction This ‘chapter dealt with the introduction, background to the study, problem statement, scope of the study and che significance of the study to the population of Busaba Sub County in Mbale district Li Background of the study Much debate over HIV prevention has arisen in recent years. While both international and locaily-based A1DS organizations continue to seek funds to scale up prevention efforts, researchers and policymakers have debated the meaning of Ugand&s unprecedented HIV prevalence deelbe, It is important to note that the behavior change-based analysis of the Uganda prevention succass~ much of it now published in leading scientific journals, has not argued that such broader factors, as well as condom use, are unimportant; rather, the argument has focused the negative impact of the different “ABC” factors which means Abstinence, Being faithful and Condom use especially in more generalized epidemics driven mainly by heterosexual transmission. Moreover, it is worth noting that most of the critics of the partner reduction-focused analysis likewise do not take extreme positions for instance condoms only, with no role for partner reduction, although it appears that some of these critics have, perhaps inadvertently, helped to re polarize what has come to be called the ABC debate a discourse which has often centered on divisi~. e arge~. ~ts between “A” versus “C” (Epstein, 2004).