ABSTRACT
The study involved the isolation of (2) isolates titled RMN1, RMN2, belonging to the Genus Serratia from ( 2) soil samples collected from the following two strategic locations in university of Abuja, permanent site: Termite hill besides Girls hostel dump ground and from Faculty of Agricultural Science farm land. The isolates were morphologically distinct on the basis of spore colour, aerial and substrate mycelium formation and production of diffusible pigment, Isolates were tested under a microscope by using Gram staining technique they were all Gram negative, biochemical test was carried out the two isolate such as catalase test which was catalase positive and there was production of burbles, citrate test it was citrate positive and there was a change of colour to green blue and oxidase test it was oxidase negative. One of the two isolates were observed to have significant antibiotic producing potential, and the antibacterial activity of the produced antibiotics (Red pigment extracted from cultural supernatants of the isolates grown on Pepton glycerol agar) was assessed using the well-in-agar diffusion method and streaking agar method. The results indicated that the extracted pigment had varying antibacterial activity at different concentration level of 500mg/ml, 250mg/ml 125mg/ml and 62.5mg/ml against 4 strains of the test organism (Staphylococcus aureus) titled S1 to S4, and the extracted pigment was more effective at concentration 500mg/ml against the antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The results indicate that the soil of this region is source of prodigiocin having antibacterial activity and thus enable the use of micro-organisms as biological control agents.
TITTLE PAGE
DECLERATION..............................................................................i
CERTIFICATION............................................................................ii
DEDICATION.................................................................................iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT................................................................iv
ABSTRACT......................................................................................v
TABLE OF CONTENT ....................................................................vi
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................vii
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction…………………………………………………………
Justification…………………………………………………………
Aim…………………………………………………………………..
Objectives…………………………………………………………..
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review………………………………………………….
Antibiotics………………………………………………………..
Antibiotics resistances to staphylococcus aureus………………..
Antibiotics production from microorganism…………………….
Historical background…………………………………………….
Why an effort for antibiotics search……………………………….
Concrete objectives of antibiotics research………………………
The Mechanism of action of antibiotics…………………………..
Functions of soil microorganisms…………………………………
Some antibiotic producing microorganisms………………………
Serratia marcesciens……………………………………………..
Prodigiosin……………………………………………………….
CHAPTER THREE
Materials and methods…………………………………………….
Material list……………………………………………………….
Sterilisation of glass wears ………………………………………..
Antibiotic sensitivity assay ………………………………………
Soil sample collection ……………………………………………
Drying of soil sample…………………………………………….
Preparation of isolation media …………………………………..
Plating ……………………………………………………………
Identification of growth ………………………………………….
Morphological identification ……………………………………
Physiological identification ……………………………………..
Gram staining …………………………………………………..
Motility test ……………………………………………………
Biochemical identification ……………………………………
Oxidase test …………………………………………………...
Catalase test …………………………………………………
Citrate utilization test ………………………………………..
Media preparation ………………………………………….
Inoculation of medium ……………………………………..
Invitro prodigiosin production ……………………………..
Harvesting of pigment and evaporation to dryness…………..
Determination of minimum inhibitory………………………..
concentration (MIC) of extracted pigment
Antimicrobial activity of extracted red pigment………………
on clinical isolate
Statistical analysis …………………………………………….
CHAPTER FOUR
Results …………………………………………………………..
Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic resistance pattern ……………
Physical characteristics of soil samples collected ………………
Morphological characteristics ………………………………….
Biochemical characterisation of RM1 isolate …………………..
Minimum inhibitory concentration of the red…………………..
pigment produced by serratia marcescences
Antimicrobial Assay …………………………………………..
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion and conclusion................................................................
5.1 Discussion..........................................................................................
5.2 Conclusion..........................................................................................
REFERENCE................................................................................................
APPENDIX 1.................................................................................................xi
APPENDIX 2..................................................................................................xvi
APPENDIX 3..................................................................................................xviii
APPENDIX 4...................................................................................................xxi
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Data Analysis....................................................................................................xiii
Introduction ......................................................................................................xiii
Analysis............................................................................................................xiii
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).....................................................................xiii
To test the effect of extract on S.aureus .............xiii
Descriptive Statistics.......................................................................................xiv
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
LIST OF Tables
Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern…………………………….
of four strains of S.aureus against Oxacilin
Characterization of soil samples collect …………………………………
Cultural characteristics of soil isolates ……………………………………
Biochemical characterization of RMN1…………………………………..
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)………………………………..
of Red pigment produced by S.marsceinces
Antimicrobial activities of red pigment extracted ……………………….
Appendix
Analysis of variance………………………………………………….
Descriptive statistics …………………………………………
Summary ………………………………………………………
Appendix
Pictorial Presentations of Plates and Microscopy
Pictorial Presentations of Plates
