ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to assess the compliance to use of intermittent preventive therapy (IPTp) against malaria among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar Cross River State, Nigeria. In order to accomplish this purpose, three specific objectives were formulated and corresponding research questions were posed to guide the study. One null hypothesis was postulated for testing.The descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted for the study. The total sample size for the study was 210 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital.A self developed, validated structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages were used for data analyses. The hypothesis was tested with Chi-Square (X2). Results indicated that 82 (39.1%) of the respondents had good knowledge of IPTp, 66 (31.4%) had moderate knowledge of IPTp, while 62(29.5%) had poor knowledge of IPTp. Majority 135 (64.0%) of the respondents comply with the use of IPTp during pregnancy while 75(36.0%) did not. The findings also revealed that out of the 75(36.0%) respondents who did not comply with the use of IPTp, the majority 35(16.7%) attributed it to late antenatal booking, 15 (7.1%) attributed it to attitude of health workers while 11(5.2%) attributed it to fear of side effect. Significant relationship was found between knowledge level and compliance to the use of IPTp among the respondents. This is so because the calculated X2 value of 79.4 is greater than the tabulated X2 value of 5.991. It was recommended among others that health education which will aim at increasing the compliance to IPTp among women should be carried out.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study 1
1.2 Statement of problem 4
1.3 Purpose of the study 5
1.4 Specific objectives of the study 5
1.5 Research questions 5
1.6 Research hypothesis 5
1.7 Scope of the study 6
1.8 Significance of the study 6
1.9 Limitation of the study 7
1.10 Operational definition of terms 7
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Conceptual review 9
2.1.1 National drug policy for malaria control in Nigeria 9
2.1.2 Malaria in Pregnancy 10
2.1.3 The vector 10
2.1.4 Prevention of Malaria in Pregnancy 10
2.1.4.1 Insecticide-treated bed nets 12
2.1.4.2 Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) of malaria in pregnancy 12
2.1.3.3 Effective case management for malaria illness in pregnancy 12
2.1.4 IPT-SP coverage 13
2.2. Review of empirical studies 14
2.2.1 Knowledge of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics 14
2.2.2 Utilization of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics 16
2.2.3 Factors influencing IPTp compliance 17
2.2.4 Compliance to intermittent preventive treatment for malaria among
pregnant Women 19
2.3 Theoretical framework 20
2.3.1 Health belief model (HBM) 20
2.3.2 Assumptions of HBM 20
2.3.3 Application of health belief model (HBM) to the study 23
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD
3. 1. Research design 24
3.2. Research setting 24
3.3. Research population 26
3.3.1. Target population 26
3.3.2. Accessible population 26
3.4. Sample and sampling technique 26
3.4.1 Sample 26
3.4.2. Sampling technique 27
3.5. Instrument for data collection 27
3.5.1. Validity of instrumentation 27
3.5.2. Reliability of the instrument 28
3.6. Method of data collection 28
3.7. Procedure for data analysis 28
3.8. Ethical consideration 28
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1. Socio-demographic variables of the respondents 30
4.2 Results for the specific objectives of the research 33
4.2.1 Specific objective 1 33
4.2.2 Specific objective 2 34
4.2.3 Specific objective 3 36
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
5.1 Discussion of Findings 40
5.1.2 Knowledge of pregnant women toward intermittent preventive therapy in
pregnancy (IPTp) 40
5.1.3 Compliance with intermittent preventive therapy in pregnancy (IPTp) 41
5.1.3. Factors influencing IPTp compliance among pregnant women 41
5.1.4 The relationship between knowledge level and compliance to IPTp 42
5.2 Implications of the study to nursing 42
5.3 Summary of the study 43
5.4 Conclusion 44
5.5 Recommendations 44
REFERENCES 46
APPENDICES 49
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Health Belief Model 22
Figure 2: Pie chart showing level of Compliance to IPTp 35
Figure 3: Bar chart showing factors hindering compliance 37
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Socio-demographic variables of respondents 31
Table 2: Showing levels of knowledge on intermittent preventive therapy in
pregnancy (IPTp). 33
Table 3: Relationship between knowledge level and compliance to IPTp 39
