CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Public Private Partnership (PPP) is a sustained and long-term partnering relationship between the public and private sectors to provide services and goods. Through PPP, the public sector seeks to bring together the resources of the public sector and the technical expertise of the private sectors to provide services and goods to the public at the best value for money (Ministry of Finance, Singapore, 2009).

Traditionally, the public sector has tended to engage the private sector merely to construct facilities or supply equipment. The public agencies will then own and operate the facilities or equipment or engage separate maintenance and operations companies to operate the facilities and equipment to deliver the services to the public (Oyedele, 2012). PPP is born based on the fact that government provision of goods and services should not only lay emphasis on finance but on the quality of goods and services. “Managerially, modernization emphasizes a shift from a focus on inputs to a concern with outcomes – providing services is no longer a sufficient justification for state intervention, it must create added public value (Oyedele, 2012).

There is a more open-minded approach to service procurement, and no presumption that in-house provision is always the best option (Hood and McGarvey, 2002)

Public Private Partnership is a contractual arrangement which is formed between public and private sector partners which involve the private sector in the development, financing, ownership, and or operation of a public facility or service. In such a partnership, public and private resources are pooled and responsibilities divided so that the partners’ efforts are complementary.  Public-Private partnerships relate to perceptions and practices affecting public private sector relationships in ensuring global health, development and well-being of the society, and the conceptual aspects of such relationships, including the role of the key players in collaborating to make these partnerships successful or otherwise (Aribigbola, 2008).

The acceptance of public private partnerships should be based on mutual benefits and not intended to benefit the investors at the expense of the local citizens. This explains why countries like Hong Kong are very skeptical on PPP. Although most forms of PPP involve a contractual relationship between the public and private parties, the long-term nature of these contracts creates a strong long-term mutuality of interest (Kee and Forrer, 2012). PPPs are not just a step in the procurement process; given their long-term nature, they differ from traditional procurement contracts, which often are associated with a short-term “claims culture.” Early evidence of operational contracts in more mature PPP programs shows that in many cases the parties can recognize this mutuality of interest without adversely affecting the mechanisms in the formal contract that determine performance (Cheung, and Chan, 2011).

The main purpose of PPP in infrastructure provision is that financial, technical and management risks should be allocated to the party that is best placed to manage it at the least cost, acceptable quality and reasonable time. In United Kingdom, Ireland, United States of America and India, PPP has been successfully used in the provision of infrastructures. Nigeria infrastructure gap is very wide because of the irresponsibility of past and present leaders in the provision of infrastructures (Oyeweso, 2011 and Oyedele 2012). Hence this research will investigate the Effects of Public Private Partnership in Service Delivery with a special reference to the Lagos State Waste Management Agency (LAWMA).

1.2    STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The Infrastructural report of Nigeria just like any third world country is nothing to write home about. The housing situation is in a sorry state both quantitatively and qualitatively (Oyedele, 2012). Most infrastructures are now decayed and need repair, rehabilitation, refurbishment or replacement. Government is the system that plans, organizes, controls and supervises the people who are resident in an area in order for all to have conducive-environment for living and a sense of belonging. Governments is saddled with the mandate to put in place all measures that it deem fit will make an environment beneficial for living for everybody.

The idea behind public private partnership has be one of efficient service delivery to the people in a particular place which of course is needed to provide for the citizens and or for supplementary development which can be through the different modes of ppp but the reverse seem to be the case as the pressing environmental and public health issues in Nigeria rural areas today is the problem of solid waste generation and disposal (Ndekwu, 2006).

Infrastructure development in democratic governance is more challenging because of the accessibility of people to government and involves identifying the right project, carrying out feasibility and viability studies and embarking on physical development of the project. The challenges are numerous and include finance, technology for development, maintenance and design.

The numerous challenges have not been tackled as they should. Nigeria's lack of basic infrastructure to facilitate sustainable development and trade – both regionally and globally – and to ensure competitiveness is already known by all. In particular, for the large number of local governments, especially the rural ones, the dwellers produce have no access to markets and are not stored, hampered by weak transport and energy infrastructure.

Based on this assertion, this research is been done to unearth and unveil the state of PPP in Nigeria and also evaluate the Effects of Public Private Partnership(PPP) in Service Delivery with a special reference to the Lagos State Waste Management Agency (LAWMA).

1.3    OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The major objective of this study will be to assess the Effects of Public Private Partnership in Service Delivery. While other specific objectives of the study are:

1.To investigate if there is any significant relationship between Public Private Partnershipand service delivery.

2.To determine the effect of government partnership with the Private sector in service delivery.

3.To find out if public private initiative promote efficiency in public service.

1.4    RESEARCH QUESTIONS

This study will be guided be the following research questions:

1.Is there any significant relationship between Public Private Partnership and service delivery?

2.What is the impact of government partnership with the Private sector on service delivery?

3.Is there any significant relationship between public private initiative and efficiency in public service?

1.5     RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

The researcher intends to test the following hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance:

Hypothesis 1:

Ho:   There is no significant relationship between Public Private Partnership       and service delivery.

HI:There is a significant relationship between Public Private Partnership       and service delivery.

Hypothesis 2:

Ho:     Government partnership with the Private sector has no effect on      service delivery.

HI:  Government partnership with the Private sector has an effect on         service delivery.

Hypothesis 3:

Ho:     There is no significant relationship between public private initiative and  efficiency in public service.

HI:  There is a significant relationship between public private initiative and    efficiency in public service.