FACTORS AFFECTING THE USE OF FIELD TRIP IN TEACHING AND LEARNING OF BIOLOGY IN SECONDARY SCHOOL
Abstract
The research provides an appraisal of the factors affecting the use of field trip in teaching and learning of biology in secondary school. It provides an analysis of the nature of field trip in teaching and learning and its significance. The research proffers a methodology of learning and teaching of biology in secondary school but elucidate the factors affecting its use.The total population for the study is 200 staff of selected secondary schools in Uyo, Akwa Ibom state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made up principals,vice principals administration, senior staff and junior staff was used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
CHAPETR ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1        Background of the study
1.2        Statement of problem
1.3        Objective of the study
1.4        Research Hypotheses
1.5        Significance of the study
1.6        Scope and limitation of the study
1.7       Definition of terms
1.8       Organization of the study
CHAPETR TWO
2.0   LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPETR THREE
3.0        Research methodology
3.1    sources of data collection
3.3        Population of the study
3.4        Sampling and sampling distribution
3.5        Validation of research instrument
3.6        Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 Introductions
4.2 Data analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Summary
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Recommendation
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
Concepts of Field Trip strategy was introduced in 1827 by George Shillibeer for a Quaker school at Abney Park in Stoke Newington, London, United Kingdom. A field trip is a visit to a place outside the regular classroom which is designed to achieve certain objectives, which cannot be achieved as well by using other means.  For example if the lesson is on “making cheese”, and if there is no hand on experience it is very difficult to achieve the objectives. In such a lesson this strategy is required. Field trips give opportunity for a students  to get out of the classroom and experience something new. The located place for field trip can be zoos, collages, museums, theater and schools. Features of field tripFacilitate the learning of abstract concepts. Taking students on a field trip makes learning more effective as they will be able to gain vast ideas on the topic.Motivate students through increased interest and curiosity. Field trips can add variety to the regular classroom instructional program and they tend to be special and enjoyable learning experiences. As a result, students will develop positive attitudes in students toward related classroom activities. Increases student-student and student-teacher social interaction.Field trips provide an opportunity to involve students, parents, and the teachers in the instructional program. Students can select the place to be visited, developing questions to ask, writing reports or thank you letters after the trip, or evaluating the experiences. Since parents must give their permission, a letter sent home with the permission form explaining purpose of the trip is a good way to arouse their curiosity and encourage them to ask the student or teacher about the trip. The parent guides their child in order to make sure that they do not come to any harm. This role allows the parent and teacher to establish a much closer relationship.
The interaction between students within themselves will also be increased when they work in groups. Moreover, the interaction between the students and teacher will enhance as the students will have to discuss to the teachers when they have doubts. Field trips make students aware of learning activities in everyday life. For instance, visits to supermarkets or shopping malls are typical field experiences, which teachers may fail to notice. A well-organized trip to a "normal" place is an excellent method of teaching students to observe, ask questions, and learn in the large classroom.  Purpose of Field Trip enhances the curriculum. Field trips are rich in educational possibilities as students learn from actual hands-on experiences, rather than by simply reading or hearing about something. Involvement in a real world experience makes learning more meaningful and memorable comparing to regular classroom instructional programs. Give students experiential learning experiences. Involvement in a real world experience makes learning more meaningful and memorable. As a result the students will have more concept of the topic as they have learnt through their hand-on experiences.  Concrete skills such as note taking. Students have to develop questions to be asked, write reports or thank you letters after the trip, or evaluate their experiences. By doing such activities, students will develop various skills such as note taking skills, speaking skills, writing skills will enhance. Involvement in a real world experience makes learning more meaningful and memorable.Field trips can add variety to the regular instructional program; they tend to be special and enjoyable learning experiences, ones which develop positive attitudes in students toward related classroom activities.  Field trips are rich in educational possibilities because students learn from actual firsthand experiences, rather than by simply reading or hearing about something Field trips help the students appreciate the relevance and importance of what they learn in the classroom. For e.g. determining blood type is a skill, which can be learned in a school laboratory setting, but students may not learn the importance of this skill until they observe what goes on in a real hospital where life and death are. The research intends to investigate the factors affecting the use of field trip in teaching and learning of biology in secondary
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The problem confronting the research is to determine the factors affecting the use of field trip in teaching and learning of biology in secondary school. This is particularly imperative to ensure the effectiveness of field trips and the attainment of its objectives
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are;
     To determine the nature of field trip in teaching and learning of biology in secondary school.
 To appraise the significance of field trip
To determine the factors affecting the use of field trips in teaching and learning of biology in secondary school      
RESEARCH HYPOTHESES  
For the successful completion of the study, the following research hypotheses were formulated by the researcher;  
H0: Teaching and learning of biology in secondary school is low
H1: Teaching and learning of biology in secondary school is high
H02:The use of field trip in teaching and learning of biology in secondary school is low  
H2: The use of field trip in teaching and learning of biology in secondary school is high
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The research shall elucidate the nature of field trips in teaching and learning in biology in secondary school. Analyse the factors affecting the use of field trips in teaching and learning It shall also serve as a veritable source of information on issues of field trip in teaching and learning.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study shall appraise the nature of field trip in teaching and learning  of biology in secondary school and elucidate the factors affecting the use of field trip in teaching and learning.  The researcher encounters some constrain which limited the scope of the study;
a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study    
b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
c) Organizational privacy: Limited Access to the selected auditing firm makes it difficult to get all the necessary and required information concerning the activities.   
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
FIELD TRIP DEFINED   Concepts of Field Trip strategy was introduced in 1827 by George Shillibeer for a Quaker school at Abney Park in Stoke Newington, London, United Kingdom. A field trip is a visit to a place outside the regular classroom which is designed to achieve certain objectives, which cannot be achieved as well by using other means.  For example if the lesson is on “making cheese”, and if there is no hand on experience it is very difficult to achieve the objectives. In such a lesson this strategy is required. Field trips give opportunity for a students  to get out of the classroom and experience something new. The located place for field trip can be zoos, collages, museums, theater and schools.   
LEARNING DEFINED The act, process, or experience of gaining knowledge or skill. Knowledge or skill gained through schooling or study. Behavioral modification especially through experience or conditioning.
  1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows
Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study