AN EXAMINATION OF ADVERTISING AS A TOOL FOR PROFITABILITY IN THE SOFT DRINK INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF SEVEN UP BOTTLING COMPANY 
ABSTRACT
The study was on Advertising as a Power Tool for Business Growth. Advertising refers to any form of non-personal presentation or promotion of ideas, goods and services by an identified sponsor. The raison d’ taire of advertising is to create awareness of a product and to further stimulate brand preference. Therefore, its role in the pursuant of a company’s profit making objective cannot be over emphasized.
The study used the Nigerian Bottling Company (NBC) Plc, Benin City branch as its case study. One would be tempted to think that a company as renowned as NBC would be laid back in its advertising practices. But that is not the case. The Company is a fervent advertiser of its products through almost all the advertising media of television, radio, print, out-door (bill boards) to mention but a few.
The objectives of the study therefore are to find out if indeed advertising builds primary demand, the extent to which it fosters consumer loyalty & its relationship with sales volume.
Finally, the study concludes on the note that even “big” names have no choice, but to keep on advertising …. and advertising, for business sustenance and growth.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
Background of Study                        
Problem Identification                        
Objective of Study                        
Significance of Study                        
Scope of Study                        
Research Methodology                     
Limitation of Study                        
Hypothesis                            
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
Evolution of Advertising                     
Definition of Advertising                     
Importance of Advertising                     
Advertising Objectives must be Specific             
Types of Advertising Media                     
Types of Advertising                             
Co-ordnating Advertising Efforts with Co-operative     
Relationships                            
Advertising Strategic Decisions                     
Measuring Advertising Effectiveness                 
Economic Impact of Advertising                     
The Social Impact of Advertising                 
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction                            
Population of Study                        
Sample and Sampling Technique                
Sources of Data                        
Data Presentation                         
Data Analysis                             
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION & ANALYSIS
Introduction                            
Data Presentation                         
Hypothesis Testing                         
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY & CONCLUSION   
Summary & Findings                            
Conclusion                             
Recommendation                         
References                                 
Appendix                                  
  CHAPTER ONE
1.1    BACKGROUND OF STUDY
    Almost all economic activities are geared towards ensuring that the right goods and services are produced and find their way to customer. This involves a process called marketing.
    Marketing decisions focus on consumer needs, hence it seeks to guide or accomplish organisations objective of consumer satisfaction and company profitability.
    In a bid to direct the flow of products and services to satisfy customer needs, and at a profit, the marketing mix is developed.
    The marketing mix observes that the marketing manager has a limited number of ingredients (marketing elements) at his disposal, but like a master chef, he can combine these into an almost limitless number of recipes to achieve the organisation’s objective of maximizing profit and staying in business.
    The four ‘P’s make up the marketing mix.  These are:
Product
Price
Place
Promotion
Product means the need – satisfying offering of a firm, which could be a physical good, a service or a blend of both.  For example, nails (physical good), advice from a lawyer (service), getting a birthday cake from Tantalizers by home delivery (a blend of both).
Price is what is charged for the product produced or the service rendered. Pricing decisions are especially important because they affect both the number of sales a firm makes and how much money it earns.
Place ensures that good and services are available in the right quantities and locations, and when customers want them.  It would be of little use producing a product or service if it is not available to customers.
Promotion is communicating information between seller and potential buyer or others in the channel to influence attitudes and behaviour.
Now, promotional activities as one of the major communication strategy mix, are heard and seen around us virtually everyday.  Organisations, especially the ones that are engaged in distribution and merchandising of consumer goods and other personal products whose purchase frequency is high, use different promotional tactics.
Promotional activities are primarily geared towards:
gaining competitive advantage and,
consequently, increasing sales volume and business growth.
It does this by informing target customers that the right product is available at the right place, and at the right price.
The five promotional methods are:
Personal selling
Sales promotion
Publicity
Public relation
Advertising
Personal selling involves direct spoken communication (face-to-face) between sellers and potential customers.  It provides immediate feedback, but can be very expensive.
Sales promotions are activities other than advertising, publicity and personal selling, that stimulates interest, trial or purchase by final consumers or others in the channel. Relative to other promotion methods, they can be implemented quickly and get results sooner.
Publicity is any unpaid form of non-personal presentation of ideas, goods or services.  Publicity people are paid to attract attention to the firm and its offerings, without having to pay media costs.  This is what distinguishes it from advertising.
Public relations efforts of the marketer aim at building and maintaining good relations with special publics such as customers, and the public at large.
Advertising is any paid form of non-personal presentation of ideas, goods or services by an identified sponsor.
The thrust of this research is on advertising – as a power tool for business growth.
There is power, so much power in information, and when this information is repeated, it leaves an impression.  It is generally believed that individual consumers lack either the time, interest or capabilities to actively search for and evaluate relevant information for purchasing decisions.  Advertising conveniently solves this problem because, it is the primary method of informing the public about the availability of a product.
Advertising is concerned with motivating people, thus it is able to tap into the human desire and resolve the issue of what to buy – and keep buying.
PROBLEM DEFINITION
The tremendous advertising creativity everywhere amazes and fascinates us. Blinking lights in different commercial centres at night, giant outdoor posters, television and radio commercials, magazines and newspapers full of colourful adverts, has made it plausible to concede that advertising has become a necessary part of the marketing economy.
For most big companies, advertising is a major part of their activities with surprisingly multi million budgets. As regards this study, the Nigerian Bottling Company PLC, a soft drink manufacturing and distributing organisation, employs a great deal of advertisements as a promotional tool, even when its brand is a household name. How come? It certainly is not because they have a lot of money to throw about.
So the questions this research raises are:
Do adverts stimulate demand?
Do adverts counter the moves of competitors?
Do adverts affect sales volume?
Can the expenditure on advertising be justifiably applied to achieve a more than usual contribution to business growth?
OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
The objective of this study is to give the rationale for advertising efforts, and in so doing, answer the questions posed by the research problem.
These are:
To justify that adverts build primary demand
To determine the extent to which advertisements build insistence or preference.
To determine that advertising efforts have a positive relationship with sales volume.
To establish the fact that even “big” names advertise in the face of competition to achieve short and long term goals of the organisation.
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The significance of any study is measured by the contribution it makes to past, immediate and present efforts at offering solutions to a problem.
Businessmen and business scholars from developing countries are slowly recognizing that people must buy and consume constantly, increasing quantities of goods if the economy of these countries is to continue to grow.        
    However, in the push for greater sales, businessmen face increasing competition. Competition should not be tolerated, hence, a competitive market means a competitive advertisement campaign.
     The significance of this study is to show how the expenditure on advertising can be justifiably applied to achieve a more than usual contribution to business growth of both new and well established organisation.
 SCOPE OF STUDY
This study is limited to the effectiveness of advertisement on the business growth of the Nigerian Bottling Company Plc, with special reference to the Benin Plant because of the constraints involved in gathering relevant information for the entire NBC group.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology refers to the methods and procedures used to analyse the relevant data to achieve a stated result.
    This research is designed to investigate the role of advertisement in the business growth of the Nigerian Bottling Company Plc – Benin Plant.
    Primary data, which will be relevant to this study will be obtained through personal interviews and administration of questionnaires.
    Secondary data will also be used and it would involve the use of library research, compiling relevant data from official documents and the internet as well.  
    In the sampling design, the target population will consist of consumers and distributors of Coca-cola in Benin City.
1.7.     LIMITATION OF STUDY
    Possible limitations to this study would be inaccessibility to sufficient written work on the subject matter, effort in tracking down heads of department and personnel in charge of advertisements (in NBC Plc) and finally, the validity of respondents answers to questionnaires.
1.8.    HYPOTHESIS
    Hypothesis are tentative answers to research question, and are usually stated in the form of relationship between a dependent and independent variable.
    The two forms of hypothesis – null and alternative hypothesis would be used here.
I    H1    Advertising stimulates demand.
    H0   Advertising does not stimulate demand.
II    H1    Advertising counters the move of competitors
    H0   Advertising  does not counter the move of competitors.
III    H1    Advertising has a positive relationship with business growth.
    H0   Advertising does not affect business growth