The antibacterial activity of the extract of Ocimum gratissimum was determined against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract revealed the presence of bioactive bases responsible for antibacterial property, such as Saponin, Alkanoid, Flavonoid, Tanin and Steroid. The methanolic extraction of the active ingredient of the leaves was carried out using the method as described by Fatope, (1993). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 12.5mg/ml for E. coli and 25mg/ml for S. aureus and also had minimum bactericidal concentration of 6.25mg/ml for E. coli and 12.5mg/ml for S. aureus. The concentration 1.0mg/disc inhibited the isolates with highest diameter zone of inhibition as 15mm for E. coli and 13mm for S. aureus while the lowest diameter zone of inhibition as 8mm for E. coli and 7mm for S. aureus were recorded at concentration of 0.1mg/disc. Statistical analysis of the extract showed no significant difference (P> 0.05) the test isolates were sensitive to leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum which implies that the leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum can serve as a source of therapeutic agent and posses antibacterial properties.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION
CERTIFICATION
ACKNOWLEDMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Statement Of The Problem
1.2 Aim And Objectives
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Importance of Medicinal Plants
2.2 Medicinal Plants And Antimicrobial Agents
2.3 Other Uses of Medicinal Plants
2.4 An Overview: Ocimum gratissimum:
2.4.1 Scientific classification
2.5 Verification of Ocimum gratissimum
2.6 Uses of Ocimum gratissimum
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIAL AND METHODS
3.1 Collection Of Plant Materials
3.2 The Test Organisms
3.3 Identification of Bacterial Isolates
3.3.1 Macroscopy
3.3.2 Gram Staining and Microscopy
3.3.2.1 Gram staining Procedures
3.3.3 Biochemical Test
3.3.3.1 Coagulase Test
3.3.3.2 Urease Test
3.3.3.3 Indole Test
3.3.3.4 Citrate Test
3.3.3.5 Catalase Test
3.3.3.6 Motility test
3.3.3.7 Kligler Iron Agar (KIA)
3.4 Extraction procedure
3.5 Preparation of Sensitivity Discs
3.6 Preparation of Sensitivity Discs with Methanolic Extracts Of Ocimum gratissimum
3.7 Phytochemical Screening
3.7.1 Test for saponin
3.7.2 Test for steroids (liberman acid test)
3.7.3 Test for tannins
3.7.4 Test for flavonoids
3.7.5 Test for alkaloids
3.8 Bioassay Procedure
3.9 Determination Of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
3.10 Determination Of Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 DISCUSSION
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX 1
APPENDIX 2
