The research topic of this study is “The Effect of Computerized Accounting System on the Performance of in Banking Industry – a study of selected banks in Enugu Metropolis. The purpose is to know whether the application of Computerized Accounting System superceeds that of manual Accounting System, and that if computerized Accounting System enhance higher turnover and profitability, and also whether a computerized accounting system is an effective means of keeping accounting records. The study population is 70 persons who are the members of the staff of the three major selected banks. Using the Taro Yamene’s formula the sample size calculated gave (60). The formulated hypothesis were tested using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical technique at 5% level of significance. The researcher also made use of primary methods of data collection which included questionnaire and personal interview. Also the secondary method of data collection used was gotten from official documents of the banks, various research work on computerized accounting system, accounting journals, textbooks and Caritas University Amorji – Nike, Emene, Enugu State library. Based on these, the researcher recommended that banks in Enugu Metropolis should channel most of their resources in the training and development of bankers and Accountants personnel in computerized accounting system related technology such as I.C.T to boost performance in their banking operations and their personnel. Also due to the widespread of computer trends and its dynamics nature, it is recommended that banks in Enugu metropolis who are still battling with manual system should adopt specifically the Computerized Accounting System.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Approval Page i
Dedication ii
Acknowledgements iii
Abstract iv
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 4
1.3 Objective of the Study 4
1.4 Research Questions 5
1.5 Hypotheses of the Study 6
1.6 Significance of the Study 7
1.7 Scope and Limitation of the Study 8
1.8 Definition of Terms 9
CHAPTER TWO:
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Conceptual Framework 10
2.2 What is Accounting System? 15
2.3 Methods for Computerization in Accounting 17
2.4 Types and Principles of Computerized Accounting System 20
2.5 What Is computer and Computer Trends 26
2.6 Types and Why We Use Computer System 28
2.7 Accounting Packages. 37
2.8 Application of Computer in Accounting System29
2.9 Merits and Demerits of Computerized Accounting System and its Differences with Manual Accounting System 41
2.10 Problems and Control of Computerized Accounting System 49
2.11 The Effect of Computerized Accounting System on the performance of Banking Industry in Nigeria 47
2.12 A Brief History Origin of Banking under study 49
CHAPTER THREE:
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design 52
3.2 Sources of Data 53
3.3 Research Instrument 55
3.4 Reliability/Validity of Research Instrument 55
3.5 Population of the Study 56
3.6 Sample Size/Technique 57
3.7 Administration of Research Instrument 61
3.8 Method of Data Analysis 61
3.9 Decision Criterion for Validation of Hypothesis 62
CHAPTER FOUR:
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Presentation of Data 63
4.2 Testing of Hypotheses 80
CHAPTER FIVE:
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of Findings 93
5.2 Conclusion 95
5.3 Recommendations 96
Bibliography 100
Appendix I -Request for Supply of Information 102
Appendix II - Questionnaire 103
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 4.1.0 - To what extent is the operations of your bank computerized. 70
TABLE 4.1.1 - Does your bank have a specific computer (Data base) department/ section unit? 71
TABLE 4.1.2 - Does computerization aid quick customer service decision making process and accountability in your bank? 72
TABLE 4.1.3 - Computerized accounting system is an effective means of keeping proper accounting records. 73
Table 4.1.4 - Computerized Accounting system help to gain inherent advantage while minimizing risks involved in the daily banking operations 74
Table 4.1.5 - There is a relationship between the application of the computer and manual system in the accounting system of the baking industry. 75
TABLE 4.1.6 - The effect of computerized accounting system enhances higher turnover and profitability in banks. 76
TABLE 4.1.7- There is co-ordination and quality performance in banking operations through the use of computerized accounting system. 77
TABLE 4.1.8- There is an effect of using computer to keep accounting records. 78
Table 4.1.9 - Computerized accounting system aids in the examination of banks statements of financial position to ensure agreement with source documents. 79
INTRODUCTION
Today’s modern technology brought into use the computer, this technology is the application of science to gathering, recording, processing and communicating of business information by means of electronic media. Most commonest tool for application is the computer and it involves all the transaction processing system management information system various business support system etc. The computer is a central force in the advancement of various organization. The historical development of computer started with Hollerith punched card of
1880,Goerge Alken calculator and Charles Babbage’ creation of the difference engine.
The computer can be defined as a tool or device which is able to accept facts (data) and figure in a prescribed form, apply prescribed processes to data and supply result of the processes in a specified format as a meaningful information. There are also different types of information depending on the make or type of their functions. The revolution in technology to the computer complements or in the other hand, substitute for ten elements which are: - paper, personal memos, charts, reports, calculators, terminals letter.
Hartzell (2006) defines computer as an electronic machine for processing information automatically and very quickly. The important of computers is the ability to handle vast amount of information and to do other processes with accuracy and speed which cannot be manually undertaken have been recognized and appreciated by financial institutions, hence the trend in the computerized of banking operations.
Tanembaum (2010) sees computer as a machine that can solve problems for people by carrying out instructions given to it.
The American Accounting Association defines accounting as the process of identifying, measuring and communicating economic information to permit informed judgement and decision by users of the information. Accounting is also the establishment, maintenance, collection and analysis of financial position of an organization and any changes that have occurred or may occur overtime.
Omolehinwe (2009) defines accounting as the collection and recording of financial data about an organization whether in the private or in the public sector and analyzing the data so collected to suit the decision that needs to be taken and reporting the relevant information in a summary form to the user in a form that is meaningful to him or her.
Chionye (2003) defines accounting system as the art of identifying, recording, classifying measuring and interpreting in a significant manner the financial transaction of an organization for decision making. Summarizing from time to time the information contained in the record, for its significant presentation and interpretation to interested parties as an aid to decision making.
Accounting system is also defined as a consistent way of organizing, recording, summarizing and reporting financial transactions.
Computerization is the installation of computers as a part of a process of automation.
Banking in Nigeria has witness impressive development in recent time particularly within the last decade in time with growth in economic activities and complexities, banking service have expanded significantly in size and variety due to increased by computerization of banks.
