ABSTRACT

Infection with Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is highly infectious disease that causes some dermatological manifestations and clinical symptoms. CHIKV is a member of the family Togaviridae. Structurally, it has an encapsidated genome composed of single-stranded RNA. This study is carried out to determine the seroprevalence and prevalence of CHIKV among the residents of Gombe state. Total number of 90 samples was collected randomly from both sexes between the age group of 2-70 years. The blood samples collected were screened for CHIKV IgG antibody, and 4 (4.4%) out of the 90 samples were positive among which are only males and no infection (0.0%) among the females sample. Out of 90 samples collected, 55 were males and 35 were females. The prevalence of CHIKV is higher among the age group of 16-20 (16.7%) and with the least prevalence among the age group of 6-10, 11-15 and >25 (0.0%). The prevalence of CHIKV infection shows the less use of insect repellants and mosquito nets among the people and also the most outdoor activities of the men than women.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Certification------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I

Dedication--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------II

Acknowledgement----------------------------------------------------------------------------------III

Table of contents------------------------------------------------------------------------------------IV

Table of contents------------------------------------------------------------------------------------V

Abstract----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------VI

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

1.1   Aims and objectives--------------------------------------------------------------------------2

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review---------------------------------------------------------------------------3

2.1. History Chikungunya viruses ---------------------------------------------------------------3

2.2. Epidemiology----------------------------------------------------------------------------------4

2.3. Signs and symptoms --------------------------------------------------------------------------6

2.4. Diagnosis ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9

2.5. Causes-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9

2.6. Virology of CHIKV---------------------------------------------------------------------------10

2.7.0. Pathophysiology-----------------------------------------------------------------------------12

2.7.1. Type 1 Interferon----------------------------------------------------------------------------12

2.8. Prevention---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14

2.9. Treatment----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15

CHAPTER THREE

 Materials and Methods-------------------------------------------------------------------------18

3.1.   Study Area--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18

3.2.   Study Population-------------------------------------------------------------------------------19

3.3.   Materials-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19

3.4.0. Sample collection and Separation-----------------------------------------------------------19

3.4.1. Principle of Assay-----------------------------------------------------------------------------20

3.4.2. Assay Procedure ------------------------------------------------------------------------------20

3.4.3. Data Analysis----------------------------------------------------------------------------------22

CHAPTER FOUR

 Results--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23

CHAPTER FIVE

 Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation----------------------------------------------26

5.1 Discussion-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26

5.2 Conclusion-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27

5.3 Recommendation---------------------------------------------------------------------------------27

References----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29 

Appendix-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34