ABSTRACT

The present paper describes the synthesis of Acid Orange(7)dye which can be used as dyes for cellulose acetate biopolymer. They were obtained by the diazotization of a monoazo component of the mono-azobenzene type, followed by coupling. The monoazo components were obtained by the diazotization of sulphanilic acid and coupling with 2-naphthol. The synthesized dye was later analyzed by GC-MS, IR and UV-Vis spectrometry. The dyeing performance of the dye was evaluated on cellulose acetate biopolymer and their solubility, exhaustion, and affinity properties were studied. 

Keywords: acid monoazo dyes, cellulose acetate, UV-Vis spectroscopy, IR, solubility, exhaustion and affinity.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Pagei

Certificationii

Dedicationiii

Acknowledgementiv

List of figuresv

List of tablesvi

List of appendicesvii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0Introduction 1

1.1History of Dyes2

1.2 Natural Dyes and Synthetic Dyes2-4

1.3Sources of Natural Dyes4-5

1.4Toxicity of Natural Dyes5

1.5Advantages and Limitation of Natural Dyes5-6

1.6Toxicity of Synthetic Dyes6

1.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Synthetic Dyes7

1.8Application of dyes in Printing7

1.8.1Application of dyes in Painting7-8

1.8.2Application of dyes in pharmacy/Medicine 8

1.8.3Application of dyes on Foods9

1.8.4Application of dyes on Cosmetics9-10

1.9Literature review on dyes10-11

1.9.1Merits of Acid Orange 7 dyes11

1.9.2Demerits of Acid Orange 7 dyes11

1.9.3Aim and Objectives of the experiment.12

CHAPTER TWO

2.0Materials and methods13

2.1Reagents and Apparatus used for the experiment13

2.2Diazotization13

2.3Coupling reaction13

2.4Purification process 13

2.5Reaction mechanism14

2.6Spectroscopic Analysis15

2.7Dye Application16-17

2.8Dye Affinity17

2.9Enthalpy and Entropy of Dyeing17-18

CHAPTER THREE

3.0Discussion of results19

3.1UV Interpretation19-20

3.2GC-MS Interpretation20

3.3Solubility Result20-24

3.4 Conclusion24-25

3.5Recommendation25

REFERENCES.26-29

APPENDICES30-32