EFFECT OF SHEA BUTTER (Vitellaria paradoxa) RICHDIET ON GENTAMICIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS


  • Department: Bio-Chemistry
  • Project ID: BCH0211
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Abstract 

The effect of Shea butter rich diet on gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats was determined. Thirty (30) male and female albino rats grouped into 6 (normal, negative, positive, 10%, 20% and 30% Shea butter rich diet groups respectively) of 5 rats each were used for the study. Phytochemical analysis was carried out on the Shea butter used for this study which revealed the presence of saponin, tannin, alkaloid, terpenoid, flavonoid, and reducing sugar, while coumarin was absent. Nephrotoxicity was induced in all the various groups apart from the normal control by daily intraperitoneal administration of 80mg/kg body weight of gentamicin for 7 days. The induced nephrotoxicity was marked by elevated levels of serum urea (15.90±0.17) and creatinine (129.23±0.46), serum sodium (153.67±1.45), potassium (15.07±0.18), chloride (115.07±0.15) and bicarbonate ions (27.05±0.13) in the negative (untreated) group compared to the normal group (5.23±0.12 urea and 90.03±0.15 creatinine, 133.00±1.15 Na, 5.20±0.15 K, 100.33±0.88 Cl and 20.20±0.15 HCO3 ions respectively). Significantly lower levels of serum urea (11.37±0.20 in 10%, 9.01±0.69 in 20% and 7.23±0.19 in the 30% Shea groups) and creatinine (120.13±0.72 in the 10%, 111.53±0.33 in the 20% and 103.17±0.18 in the 30% Shea groups respectively) were observed following treatment with Shea butter rich diet. Lower levels of serum sodium (146.77±0.91 in the 10%, 141.67±0.45 in the 20% and 137.83±0.17 in the 30% group), potassium (11.03±0.15 in 10%, 9.03±0.09 in 20% and 6.80±0.15 in 30%), chloride (113.00±1.15 in 10%, 109.33±0.68 in 20% and 104.77±0.19 in 30%) and bicarbonate ions (26.83±0.12 in 10%, 24.10± 0.12 in 20% and 23.40±0.26 in 30% Shea groups) were also observed across all Shea butter diet treated groups in a dose dependent manner compared to the negative control. From the result of the study, Shea butter rich diet is effective in ameliorating gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity.

Table of content
Title page.i
Certificationii
Dedication..iii
Acknowledgement..iv
Abstractv



CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION3
1.1 Background3
1.2 Statement of the problem4
1.3 Aim and Objectives5

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW6
2.1 kidney6
2.2 Kidney Functions6
2.3 Kidney Diseases7
2.3.1 Acute Kidney Disease7
2.3.2 Chronic Kidney Disease7
2.4. Causes of Kidney Disease9
2.4.3 Glomerulonephritis10
2.4.4 Inherited & Congenital Disorders such as Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)10
2.4.5 Autoimmune Diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Lupus)11
2.4.6 Nephrotoxic Agents11
2.5 Markers of Renal Function Test11
2.5.1 Creatinine12
2.5.2 Urea12
2.5.3 Electrolyte12
2.6 Gentamicin13
2.6.1 Mechanism of Action of Gentamicin13
2.7 Furosemide14
2.9 Ecology of Shea Tree16
2.10 Chemical Composition of Shea Butter17
2.11 The Effect and Uses of Shea and Shea Products18

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHOD22
3.1 MATERIALS22
3.1.1 Equipment22
3.1.2 Chemicals22
3.1.3 Reagents22
3.1.5 Plant material22
3.2 METHODOLOGY23
3.2.1 Animal maintenance23
3.2.2 Formulation of shea butter rich diet23
3.2.3 Induction of Nephrotoxicity23
3.2.4 Preparation of oil extract23
3.3 Phytochemical Screening of Shea butter24
3.3.1 Test for alkaloids24
3.3.2 Test for saponins24
3.3.3 Test for reducing sugars24
3.3.4 Test for flavonoids24
3.3.5 Test for Tanins24
3.3.6 Test for terpenoids25
3.3.7 Test for coumarins25
3.3 Experimental Design27
3.4 Biochemical Assay/Analysis27
3.4.1 Estimation of Creatinine28
3.4.2 Estimation of Urea29
3.4.4 Determination of Chloride Ion31
3.5 Statistical analysis31

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT32

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 DISCUSSION37
5.1 CONCLUSION.40
5.2 RECOMMENDATION40
REFERENCES...................40

  • Department: Bio-Chemistry
  • Project ID: BCH0211
  • Access Fee: ₦5,000
  • Pages: 61 Pages
  • Reference: YES
  • Format: Microsoft Word
  • Views: 425
Get this Project Materials
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