TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION..........................................................................................................I
APPROVAL ................................................................................................................II
DEDICATION...........................................................................................................III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................ IV
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATONS....................................................V
LIST OF DEFINITIONS ......................................................................................... VI
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................VII
LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................1
TABLE 2: RISK FACTORS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AMONG
PATIENTS....................................................................................................................1
WHO PRESENTED KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
TEACHING..................................................................................................................1
HOSPITAL MEDICAL DEPARTMENT (N=89) 25........................................1
LIST OF FIGURES .....................................................................................................2
ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER ONE ..........................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................4
1.1 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................4
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT ...................................................................................5
1.3 STUDY OBJECTIVE............................................................................................5
1.3.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE...................................................................................5
1.3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES .................................................................................5
viii
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS...................................................................................6
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY......................................................................................6
1.5.1 TIME SCOPE......................................................................................................6
1.5.2 GEOGRAPHICAL SCO PE..............................................................................6
1.5.3 CONTENT SCOPE ............................................................................................6
1.6 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY....................................................................6
1.7 CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK........................................................................7
CHAPTER TWO .........................................................................................................8
LITERATURE REVIEW ...........................................................................................8
2.0 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................8
2.1 PREVALENCE OF CKD......................................................................................8
2.2 SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PATIENTS
OF CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE...........................................................................11
2.3 CO MORBIDITIES OF CKD.............................................................................14
CHAPTER THREE...................................................................................................18
METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................18
3.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................18
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN.........................................................................................18
3.2 STUDY POPULATION ......................................................................................18
3.3 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE ................................................................................19
3.4 SAMPLE SIZE.....................................................................................................19
3.5 DATA PROCESS.................................................................................................19
3.5.1 PRE-TESTING .................................................................................................19
3.5.2 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE...........................................................20
ix
3.5.3 DATA MANAGEMENT..................................................................................20
3.5.4 DATA ANALYSIS............................................................................................20
3.5.5 INCLUSION CRITERIA ...........................................................................20
3.5.6 EXCLUSION CRITERIA................................................................................20
3.6 DEFINITION OF VARIABLES ........................................................................20
3.6.1 DEPENDENT VARIABLE: ............................................................................20
3.6.2 INDEPENDENT VARIABLE .........................................................................20
3.7 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT .............................................................................20
3.8 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS........................................................................21
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS...........................................................22
4.0 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................22
4.1 DEMOGRAPHIC AND OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY
POPULATION...........................................................................................................22
4.2 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CKD ...........................................................25
CHAPTER FIVE .......................................................................................................26
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS26
5.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................26
5.1 DISCUSSION.......................................................................................................26
5.2 CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................27
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS.....................................................................................27
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................28
APPENDIX I: INFORMED CONSENT FOR THE RECORDS ASSISTANT..33
APPENDIX II: QUESTIONNAIRE .......................................................................34
APPENDIX III: WORK PLAN................................................................................36
ABSTRACT Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide, due to its epidemic proportions and the associated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, data on the burden of CKD among patients attending hospitals in Uganda are still limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with CKD among patients presenting at the Kampala International University Teaching Hospital (KIUTH). Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed data of 100 patients who presented at the medicine ward from June 2016 to June 2017. Data were descriptively and inferentially analyzed using SPSS version 18. Results: From June 2016 to June 2017, a total of 100 who patients presented at the medicine ward with history of kidney disease. Of these patients, 89 (89%) was included in this study, 46(52%) of them were female. Among them 39(44%) had hypertension, 27(30%) had diabetic mellitus, 9 (10%) had chronic glomerulonephritis, 7(8%) had hypertension and diabetes mellitus, 2(2%) had HIV/AIDS, and 2(2%) had hepatitis B. Conclusion: CKD was common among patients presenting in our hospital and is associated with high cardiovascular risk. To that end, patients should be thoroughly evaluated to identify and correct causes of their kidney disease, and efforts should be put in place for early detection and screening as well as advocacy on risk factors for CKD development in Uganda.
