This was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out to determine the factors leading to under utilization of modern contraceptive a mong women attending antenatal clinic in KIU-TH, Ishaka, Bushenyi district in South-Western Uganda. The specific objectives of the study was to determine the knowledge of mothers in child bearing age on contraceptive use, to determine the attitude of mothers in child bearing age towards contraceptive use, to assess mothers accessibility to modern contraceptive services and to identify any social cultural factors linked with use of modern contraceptives in the study area. Convenience sampling method was used in which participants (mothers) were given questionnaires to fill as they arrive at the clinic until a total sample size of 100 is attained. The respondents were mothers of child bearing age (15-49 years) with a mean of 25 years. This implies that mothers in this community are still young and capable of having more children hence a need for education on family planning in a bit to enable them avoid unwanted/too frequent pregnancies. The study revealed under utilization of contraceptive, because of the ninety eight respondents that had heard about contraceptive, slightly more than half, 50(51.1%) had never used a family planning method while, 48(48.9%) had ever and only 32(32.6%) were currently using contraceptives. The study revealed under utilization of contraceptive, because of the ninety eight respondents that had heard about contraceptive, slightly more than half, 50(51.1%) had never used a family planning method while, 48(48.9%) had ever and only 32(32.6%) were currently using contraceptives