TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................................... i
APPROV AL .................................................................................................................................................. ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................ iii
DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................................................................... vii
LIST OF ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................. viii
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................. ix
CHAPTER 0 NE .......................................................................................................................................... l
1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... !
1.1 Background of the study ......................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Problem statement ................................................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Purpose of the study ................................................................................................................................ 5
1.4 Research Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 5
1.5 Scope of the study ................................................................................................................................... 5
1.5.1 Geographical scope .............................................................................................................................. 5
1.5.2 Content scope ....................................................................................................................................... 6
1.5.3 Time scope ........................................................................................................................................... 6
1.6 Doctrinal Methodology and Qualitative methodology ............................................................................ 6
1.6.1 Reliability of the instrument.. ............................................................................................................... 7
1.6.2 Methods of data collection ................................................................................................................... 7
1.7 Significance of the Study ........................................................................................................................ 7
1.8 Literature review ..................................................................................................................................... 7
1.8.1 Domestic .............................................................................................................................................. 9
1.8.2 International ....................................................................................................................................... I 0
1.8.3 Regional ............................................................................................................................................. 1 0
CHAPTER TWO ...................................................................................................................................... 11
THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT PROCEEDINGS ..................................................... 11
2.1 Investigations (Articles 53 to 58) .......................................................................................................... II
2.1.1 The Role of the Prosecutor ................................................................................................................. II
2.1.2 Selection of Situations for Investigation ............................................................................................ 12
Ill
2.1.3 The Role of the Pre-Trial Chamber during an Investigation .............................................................. !?
2.1.3.I Unique investigative opportunities and the appointment of Ad Hoc Defence Counsel.. ................ I7
2. I .3.2 Supervising the participation of victims .......................................................................................... I 8
2.I.3.3 Supervising Prosecutorial Discretion .............................................................................................. I8
2.I.4 Prosecution (Articles 59 to 6I) ........................................................................................................... 20
2.2 Disclosure ofEvidence .......................................................................................................................... 23
2.3 Substantial evidence to support the charges .......................................................................................... 26
2.4 Participation of Victims ........................................................................................................................ 27
2.5 The Confirmation of Charges Hearing .................................................................................................. 28
2.6 Decision on the Confirmation of Charges ............................................................................................. 32
2.7 The position of the "Charged Person" ................................................................................................... 33
CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................................. 37
RULES OF PROCEDURE AND EVIDENCE ....................................................................................... 37
3.I Under Rule 84 on Disclosure and additional evidence for trial ............................................................ 37
3.2 Application for participation of victims in the proceedings .................................................................. 38
3.3 Legal representatives ofvictims ............................................................................................................ 38
3.4 Place of the proceedings ........................................................................................................................ 39
3.5 Investigation and prosecution ................................................................................................................ 40
3.5.I Evaluation of information by the Prosecutor ..................................................................................... 40
3.5.2 Notification of a decision by the Prosecutor not to initiate an investigation ..................................... .40
3.5.3 Decision ofthe Pre-Trial Chamber ................................................................................................... .4I
3.5.4 Collection of evidence ........................................................................................................................ 4I
3.6 Procedures in respect of restriction and deprivation of liberty ............................................................. 42
3.7 Pre-trial detention at the seat of the Comt ............................................................................................ .43
3.8 Proceedings before the confirmation hearing ........................................................................................ 44
CHAPTER FOUR .................................................................................................................................... .45
DECIDED CASES HELD AT INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT ........................................ .45
4.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 45
4. I The International Criminal Court v The United States in Afghanistan ................................................ .46
4.2 Findings from ICC ................................................................................................................................ 47
4.2.I Do victims have to travel to the seat of the Court in The Hague? ...................................................... 47
4.2.2 How can victims find a legal representative? .................................................................................... .47
IV
4.2.3 What happens if the victims cannot afford a legal representative? ................................................... .47
4.2.4 What is the role of the Office of Public Counsel for Victims? ......................................................... .48
4.2.5 Does the Court protect victims participating in proceedings? ........................................................... .48
4.2.6 What decisions may the judges take concerning reparations for victims at the end of a trial? ......... .48
4.2.7 What is the role of the Trust Fund for Victims? ................................................................................ .49
4.2.8 Do victims have to first participate in the proceedings before they are entitled to reparations? ........ 49
4.3 Witness Protection ................................................................................................................................ 50
4.3.1 Who can be a witness? ....................................................................................................................... 50
4.3.2 What criteria does the Office of the Prosecutor use to select witnesses? ........................................... 50
4.3.3 Are witnesses compelled to testifY? ................................................................................................... 50
4.3 .4 How does the Court know that witnesses are not lying? .................................................................... 50
4.3 .5 How are witnesses who appear before the Court assisted? ................................................................ 50
4.3.6 What are the protective measures available to witnesses testifYing before the Court? ...................... 51
CHAPTER FIVE ......................................................................................................................................... 52
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .......................................................................................... 52
5. I Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................... 52
ABSTRACT The study examined the impact of an assessment on the proceedings of international criminal couti to examine the international criminal court proceedings under part v of the Rome Statute (investigation and prosecution) and proposals for amendments. One of the main reasons for the need of an ICC was achieve justice for all. There have been many instances of crimes against humanity and war crimes for which no individuals have been held accountable. In Cambodia in the 1970s, an estimated 2 million people were killed by the Khmer Rouge. In armed conflicts in Mozambique, Liberia, El Salvador and other countries, there has been tremendous loss of civilian life, including horrifying numbers of unarmed women and children. Massacres of civilians continue in Algeria and the Great Lakes region of Africa. In order to enable the parties to prepare for trial and to facilitate the fair and expeditious conduct of the proceedings, the Trial Chamber shall, in accordance with article 64, paragraphs 3 (c) and 6 (d), and article 67, paragraph (2), and subject to article 68, paragraph 5, make any necessary orders for the disclosure of documents or information not previously disclosed and for the production of additional evidence.
