TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION .......................................................................................................................... 4
APPROVAL .................................................................................................................................. 5
DEDICATION .............................................................................................................................. 6
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................ 7
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................... 9
1.0. GENERAL INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 9
1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ......................................................................................... 12
1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ....................................................................................... 13
1.3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS ...................................................................................................... 14
1.4. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH ..................................................................................... 14
1.4.1. Main Objectives ................................................................................................................. 14
1.4.2. Specific Objectives ............................................................................................................. 14
1.5. SCOPE OF THE STUDY ......................................................................................................... 14
1.6. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ......................................................................................... 15
1. 7. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................. 16
1.8. LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................................... 16
1.9. ORGANIZATION LAYOUT ................................................................................................... 24
CHAPTER TW 0 ........................................................................................................................ 26
THE LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ON OIL EXPLORATION AND
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN KENYA ................................................................. 26
2.0. LEGAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................................... 26
2.1. THE CONSTITUTION OF KENYA 201 0 .............................................................................. 26
2.2. STATUTES ................................................................................................................................ 29
2.3. REGULA TI 0 NS ....................................................................................................................... 3 7
2.4. POLICY FRAMEWORK. ........................................................................................................ 40
CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................... 43
OIL EXPLORATION PROCESS AND THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON THE
ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................................................ 43
3.0. INTR OD U CTI 0 N ..................................................................................................................... 43
3 .0.1. State of the Ind nstry ............................................................................................................. .45
3.1. THE EXPLORATION TO PRODUCTION LIFE CYCLE .................................................. 47
3.2. POST DISCOVERY .................................................................................................................. 52
3.3. ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES POSED BY THIS PROCESSES ............................ 56
CHAPTER FOUR ....................................................................................................................... 61
LESSONS TOBE LEARNED FROM THE NIGER DELTA IN NIGERIA .•...................... 61
4.0. Oil and Gas Operations ............................................................................................................ 61
4.1. The Effects of Oil and Gas Development on the Environment ............................................. 61
CHAPTER FIVE ............••.•........•.•.....•.•.............•.....•............•..•....•....................•..........•.•..•.....•. 71
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATIONS •.•..•......•..•..•..•.....•. 71
5.0. SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................ 71
5.1. FINDINGS ................................................................................................................................. 71
5.2. CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................... 72
5.3. RECCOMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................... 73
BIBLIOGRAI>HY ................................................................................................................................. 75
PUBLICATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 75
WEBSITES ............................................................................................................................................ 87
LAWS ..................................................................................................................................................... 95
CASE LAWS ......................................................................................................................................... 95
CHAPTER ONE 1.0. GENERAL INTRODUCTION The Republic of Kenya becomes one of the oil exploration countries in the African Continent and the East African region. 1 This is after oil was found in the Turkana County in the North West of the Country2 The Turkana County is regarded as the cradle of human kind3 The county is bordered to the west with Uganda; to the north with Ethiopia and South Sudan and to the East with Lake Turkana.4 It is the second largest county in Kenya and the home to the famous Lake Turkana. 5 The Turkana community is majorly comprised on the Nil otic, with a number of 855,399, or 2.5% of the Kenyan Population.6 They depend majorly on pastoralism as the area is a semi-arid climate area as well they depend on agriculture. They are known for raising camels and weaving baskets. 7 Recently, they developed the culture of fishing majorly in Lake Turkana and they use the water fi·om the Lake for their daily lives.
