TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ...................................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL ............................................................................................................................ ii

DEDICATION ....................................................................................................................... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................................... iv

LIST OF CASES ...................................................................................................................... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................... vi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................. viii

ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................... ix

CHAPTER ONE ..................................................................................................................... l

GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. !

1.1 Background ofStudy .......................................................................................................... 1

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ............................................................................ 7

1.3 AIM AND OBffiCTIVES OF STUDY .............................................................................. 7

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY .................................................................................................. 7

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY ............................................................................................ 8

1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ................................................................................................ 8

1.7 RESEACH METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................... 8

1.8 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................... 8

1.9 ORGANIZATION LAYOUT .................................................................................... 10

CHAPTER TW0 .................................................................................................................. 12

PRINCIPLE OF STATE SOVEREIGNTY ....................................................................... 12

2.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 12

2.1 THE EVOLUTION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF STATE SOVEREIGNTY ..................... 15

2.2 THE CONCEPT OF STATE SOVEREINTY ................................................................. 19

2.3 TYPOLOGIES OF STATE SOVEREIGNTY ................................................................. 20

2.3.1 ABSOLUTE SOVEREIGNTY ..................................................................................... 20

2.3.2 INTERNAL SOVEREIGNTY ...................................................................................... 21

2.3.3 EXTERNAL SOVEREIGNTY ..................................................................................... 21

vi

2.3.4 DE JURE AND DE FACTO SOVEREIGNTY ............................................................ 22

2.4 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................ 24

CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................................. 25

THE DOCTRINE OF NON-INTERVENTION ................................................................ 25

3.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 25

3.1 EVOLUTON OF THE DOCTRINE OF NON-INTERFERENCE ................................ .25

3.2 ANALYSIS OF RELATED CONCEPTS ....................................................................... 27

3.3 NON-INTERVENTION PRINCIPLE ........................................................................ 28

3.4 NON-INTERVENTION IN THE UN CHARTER .......................................................... 29 ·

3.4.1 FORCE ......................................................................................................................... .30

3.4.2 THREAT OF FORCE ............................................................................................. .31

3.5 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... .32

CHAPTER FOUR ................................................................................................................ 34

EMERGING LIMITS TO INTERVENTION DOCTRINE ............................................ 34

4.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 34

4.1 HUMANITATRIAN INTERVENTION ......................................................................... 34

4.2 RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT ................................................................................. 37

4.3 PEACE KEEPING AND PEACE ENFORCEMENT ..................................................... 39

4.5 THE USE OF FORCE TO PROTECT NATIONALS ABROAD .................................. .40

4.5 LAWFUL COUNTER-MEASURE BY A STATE ....................................... : ................ .41

4.6 AID TO ENFORCE RIGHT TO SELF-DETERMINATION ........................................ .42

4.7 SELF DEFENCE ............................................................................................................. .42

4.8 THE PACIFIC SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTE ............................................................... .44

4.9 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... .44

CHAPTER FIVE ................................................................................................................. .45

5.1 CONLUSION ................................................................................................................. .45

5.2 RECOMMENDATION .................................................................................................... 45

REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 47

ABSTRACT Non-intervention is a rule of international law that restricts the ability of outside states to interfere with the internal affairs of other states. Non-intervention is derived from the inviolability of state's sovereignty. This principle is rooted in Article 2 of the United Nations Charter. Nevertheless, there are recognized instances where other states may legitimately interfere with the internal affairs of another state. Investigating this situation and ascertaining where the lawful intervention may constitute the bedrock of this study. The study adopts the doctrinal research methodology and thus uses relevant primary and secondary materials. The study fmds that lawful intervention may be undertaken where there are gross violation of human rights, and under the authorization of United Nations Security Council (UNSC).