TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION ........................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL. ............................................................................................................... ii
DEDICATION ........................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDMENT .................................................................................................. iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... v
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. viii
LIST OF STATUTES .................................................................................................. ix
LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................. x
CHAPTER ONE .......................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 1
1.2. Historical Background of the study ................................................................. 1
1.3. Statement of the Problem ............................................................................. 5
1.4. Objectives of the study ................................................................................. 6
1.5 Research Questions ...................................................................................... 6
1.6 " · Significance of the study ............................................................................... 7
1. 7. Scope of the study ........................................................................................ 7
1.8. Research Methodology .................................................................................. 8
1.9. Synopsis of the study .................................................................................... 9
1.10. Hypothesis .............................................................................................. 10
1.11. Literature Review .................................................................................... 10
CHAPTER TW0 ....................................................................................................... 17
2.0. CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND ITS IMPLICATIONSIN KENYASINCE
INDEPENDENCE TO DATE .................................................................................... 17
2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 17
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2.2. Brief History of Constitutional Reform in Kenya ............................................ 17
2.2.1 Drafting Process for the 2010 Constitution ................................................ 20
2.3. Various Bodies Charged With Promotion of Constitutionalism ........................ 21
2.3.l.Commission on the Implementation of the Constitution (CIC) ........................ 21
2.3.2 The Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission (KACC) ............................................ 22
2.3.3.The Kenyan National Human Right Commission (KNHRC) .............................. 24
2.4. Implications of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 ............................................ 25
2.5. Conclusion ................................................................................................. 27
CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................... 28
THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE THREE ARMS OF THE GOVERNMENT IN PROMOTION OF
CONSTITUTIONALISM IN KENYA ............................................................................. 28
3.0 Introduction .................................................................................................. 28
3.1. Arms of the Government. ............................................................................ 28
3.1.1.The Executive ............................................................................................. 28
3.1.2.The legislature .............. ............................................. ................................. 31
3.1.3. Judiciary of Kenya ................................................................................... 33
3.2. The role of judiciary in promoting constitutionalism in Kenya ........................... 34
3.3. Separation of Powers .................................................................................. 36
3.4. The Rule of Law ......................................................................................... 38
3.5. Conclusion ..................................................................................... ............ 39
CHAPTER FOUR .................................................................... .................................. 40
4.0. CHALLENGES FACING CONSTITUTIONALISM IN KENYA ............................... 40
4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 40
4.2. Overview of factors affecting Constitutionalism in Kenya ............................... 40
4.2.1. Pre-colonial effects .................................................................................. 40
4.2.2. Cultural Diversity and Constitutionalism ................................................... .41
4.3. Challenges Experienced in Realization of Constitutionalism in Kenya . ............. 43
4.3.1. Ethnicity and Political Tribalism . ............................................................... 43
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4.3.2. Unemployment ........................................................................................ 44
4.3.3. Corruption ............................................................................................... 45
4.3.4. Illiteracy in light of constitutionalism in Kenya .............................................. 46
4.3.5. The Land issue ........................................................................................... 47
4.4. Conclusion ................................................................................................. 47
CHAPTER FIVE ....................................................................................................... 48
FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................. 48
5.0 Introduction .................................................................................................. 48
5.1. FINDINGS .................................................................................................... 48
5.1.1. Abuse of Peoples' rights ............................................................................. 48
5.1.2. Lack of Political tolerance ........................................................................... 48
5.1.3. Weak Electoral Laws .................................................................................. 48
5.1.4. Threats to Devolution process ..................................................................... 49
5.1.5. Settlement of the Internally Displaced People(I.D.Ps) ................................... 49
5.1.6. Contempt of Court ..................................................................................... 49
5.1. 7. Implementation of the 2010 Constitution of Kenya ....................................... 49
5.2 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 50
5.3. RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................... 51
5.3.1. Protection of People's basic rights ............................................................... 51
5.3.2. Political Tolerance ...................................................................................... 51
5.3.3 Review of Kenyan Electoral Laws ................................................................. 51
5.3.4. Fully Devolving the Government. ................................................................. 51
5.3.5. Enactment of Land Policy to Settle the Land issue ........................................ 52
5.3.6. Respect for the Courts ................................................................................ 52
5.3.7. Full implementation of the 2010 Constitution of Kenya ................................. 52
BIBIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................ 53
ABSTRACT The study was geared towards the Constitutional process experienced in Kenya since it gained her independence in 12th December, 1963 to its present form. Kenya had a Constitution in place from the time it gained her independence; this independent Constitution provided among others people's rights. Despite this, the study will prove that the loopholes in that Constitution, led to gross violation of people's right over the years, for instance the independent Constitution gave the executive immense powers. The executive used such powers to amend the Constitution and enact laws at the expense of the citizens, hence necessitating the need for this study. The purpose of this study is to show the needs that propelled Constitutional reforms in Kenya and the stages through which Constitutional growth has gone through to achieve a democratic society governed on the principles of Constitutionalism and the rule of law in Kenya. According to the findings the main reasons for lack of Constitutionalism in Kenya can be attributed to excessive powers enjoyed by the executive, corruption, the land issue, weak laws and poor implementation mechanisms. Finally, recommendations to the foregoing root causes of unconstitutional history in Kenya is reduction of powers enjoyed by the executive, more powers should be given to the Kenya Ant-Corruption body to adequately deal with corruption and respect of the principle of separation of powers.
