ABSTRACT

This project shows the construction of a microcontroller based security door using Smart card. It is aimed towards programming the microcontroller to control the Hardware in sliding door. The system consists of a microcontroller 89S52 which Sends a signal to the multiplexers on insertion of the smart card in the card slot. The multiplexers consist of ICS which prompts for a display of the identity of the Card user in the liquid crystal display (LCD). The LCD displays the status of the Card. On validation of the card, the LCD displays a welcome note to the user and Prompts for a pin code. The pin code is being keyed in from the key pad. If Confirmed by the program written into the microcontroller access will be granted, otherwise no access, giving the user two more chances to insert the correct smartcard or pin code to it, before final denial of access and alarm. When access is granted, the card sends a 5volt signal to the microcontroller which triggers relay, resulting in the opening of the door. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page - - - - - - - i 

Approval Page - - - - - - ii 

Dedication - - - - - - iii 

Acknowledgement - - - - - iv 

Abstract - - - - - - - v 

Table of contents - - - - - vi 

List of Tables- - - - - - - xi 

List of Figures - - - - - - xii 

Glossary of Symbols / Abbreviations - - xiii 

CHAPTER ONE 

1.0 Introduction - - - - - - 1 

1.1 History of smart system - - - - 2

1.1 Areas of application - - - - 4 

1.2 Aims of the project - - - - -4

1.5 Objectives of the project - - - 5 

1.3 Project Scope - - - - - 5 

CHAPTER TWO 

2.0 Literature review - - - - - 6 

2.1 Mechanism of Security of access system - - 7 

2.1.2 Types of security access system - - - 8 

2.1.3 Sound activated lock system - - 8 

2.1.4 Shadow detector access system - - - 8 

2.1.5 Pressure and pad sensitive security system - 9 

2.1.6 Smartcard access system -  - - 9 

2.2 The components used - - - 12 

2.2.1 The microcontroller - - - - 12 

2.2.2 Elements of a microcontroller - - - 12 

2.2.2.1 The CPU - - - - - - 13 

2.2.2.2 Ram - - - - - - - 13 

2.2.2.3 Eprom - - - - - - 14 

2.2.2.4 Input / Output - - - - - 14 

2.2.3 Rfid card - - - - - - - 14 

2.2.4 Liquid crystal display - - - 16

2.2.6 Active components - - - - - 17 

2.2.6.1 Transistor - - - - - - - 17 

2.2.6.2 Diodes - - - - - - 18 

2.3.0 Passive component - - - - - 19 

2.3.1 Resistor - - - - - - 19 

2.3.2 Capacitor - - - - - - 22 

2.3.3 Transformer - - - - - - 23 

CHAPTER THREE 

3.0 Design analysis of the electric circuit and 

Mechanical unit - - - - - 25 

3.1 Hardware design - - - - - 25 

3.3 Opening door unit - - - - - 28 

3.4 Alarm signal unit - - - - - 31 

3.5 Display unit - - - - - - 32 

3.6.1 Powering the microcontroller - - - 37 

3.6.2 Crystal oscillator unit - - - - 39 

3.7 smartcard unit - - - - - 39 

3.8 Power supply unit - - - - - 40

3.8.2 Rectification - - - - - 41 

3.8.3 Filtering - - - - - - 43 

3.9 Synchronous 12v DC motor - - - 44 

3.10 mechanical unit - - - - - 45 

3.10.1 Fabrication of component parts - - - 45 

3.10.2 Mechanism casing - - - - - 46 

3.10.3 Door post - - - - - - 46 

3.10.4 The door - - - - - - 46 

3.11 software development - - - - 47 

3.11.1 text editor - - - - - - 47 

3.11.4 Loader - - - - - - 48 

3.11.5 Testing - - - - - - 48 

3.11.6 Debugging - - - - - - 48 

3.12 Development process - - - - 49 

3.13 Program entry and editing - - 49 

3.14 Assembly and linking - - - - 49 

3.16 Circuit design diagram - - - - 51 

CHAPTER FOUR 

4.0 Material selection, assembly process, 

Cost analysis, test and result. - - - 52 

4.1 Material selection - - - 52 

4.2 Assembly process - - - 53 

4.3 Cost analysis - - - - - 53 

4.4 Test and Result - - - - 55 

CHAPTER FIVE 

   5.0 Discussion of results, Conclusion and Recommendation 

5.1 Discussion of results - -  -  56 

5.2 Conclusion - - - - - 56 

   5.3 Recommendation - - - - 57 

References 

LIST OF TABLES 

Table 2.1: Resistor color coding - - - 21 

Table 4.1: cost analysis - - - - - 54 

LIST OF FIGURES 

Fig 2.1: The CPU of a microcontroller - - 13 

Fig 2.2: Diagram of a Rfid card - - - - 15 

Fig 2.3: Diagram of the microcontroller 

Fig 2.5: Diagram of Resistor color coding - - 20 

Fig 2.6: Diagram of a Transformer - - - 23 

Fig 3.1: Block diagram of the project - - - 2

Fig 3.3: Diagram of Relay Connection to the door - 

Fig 3.5: Diagram of the alarm signal unit - - 31 

Fig 3.6: Diagram of the microcontroller - - 36 

Fig 3.7: Powering the microcontroller - - 38

Fig 3.9: The smart card unit - - - - 39 

Fig 3.10: Diagram of the power supply - - 40 

GLOSSARY OF SYMBOLS / ABBREVIATIONS 

I Current 

V Voltage 

R Resistance 

F Frequency 

C Capacitance