ABSTRACT

Fire disaster is a great threat to lives and properties, and it accounts for over 70% of total loss of properties and about 20% of total loss of lives every year in Nigeria. Although some conventional fire preventive systems have been developed which are not enough to take prompt action during fire, save properties, and ultimately save lives. Hence, the need to develop an automatic wireless-based fire monitoring, detection and alarm system which is accurate, scalable and energy efficient. This report presents the design and implementation of an automatic fire alarm system which is able to detect and mitigate fire accidents even before its outbreak by alerting residents of the building. In implementing this project, flame sensor, temperature sensor, and smoke sensor have been incorporated to monitor and detect flame, heat, and smoke/gas leakage which are considered as the three most probable symptoms of an erupting fire. In situation of an erupting fire, this project is designed to promptly alert neighbors, prope1ty owners and the fire service depa1tment by sounding a loud buzzer and also repo,ting the status of the abnormal situation via Short Message Service over a wireless GSM network. A microcontroller (ATMega328) was used which served as the processing unit of the project. This project was implemented on a Veroboard and tested under different experimental conditions to evaluate its performance. The performance of the developed system was evaluated using three metrics which are hardware testing, functional requirements and system response time. The system was found to be accurate, scalable, low cost, energy efficient and portable with a good enough response time of28-40 secs. This design system was able to detect an erupting fire, alert occupants of the building, notify the concerned recipient, eliminate false positive and true negative results, thereby proffering an eventual prevention of fire outbreaks and its fatalities, hence, saving lives and properties.