Table of contents
Contents Page
Title page
Certification i
Dedication ii
Acknowledgment iii
Table of contents iv
List of Tables viii
List of Plates ix
List of figure x
Abstract xi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Statement of the problem 3
1.2 Aim and objectives 4
1.3 Justification of the study 5
1.4 Scope and limitation of the work 5
1.5 Methodology 6
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Review of literature 7
2.1 Ingredient of concrete 9
2.1.1 Water 9
2.1.2 Aggregates 10
2.1.3 Cement 11
2.1.4 Admixtures 12
2.2 Bamboo leaf ash 14
2.3 Properties of concrete 15
2.3.1 Fresh concrete 15
2.3.2 Hardened concrete 16
2.4 Factors affecting strength of concrete 18
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and methods 21
3.1 Material selection 21
3.1.1 Coir Ash 21
3.1.2 Coarse aggregate 23
3.1.3 Fine aggregate 23
3.1.4 Cement 23
3.2 Test of the constituent materials 23
3.2.1 Proportioning 24
3.2.2 Batching 24
3.2.3 Composition of the constituent materials
for the production of concrete 25
3.2.3 Mixing 27
3.2.4 Casting 28
3.2.5 Compaction 29
3.2.6 Curing 29
3.2.7 Crushing 30
3.3 Experimental Investigation 31
3.3.1 Laboratory Test 31
3.3.1.1 Sieves Analysis 31
3.3.1.2 Slump Test 33
3.3.1.4 Compressive strength of concrete 34
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results and Discussion 36
4.1 Result of the Sieve analysis
(Particle Size Distribution) 36
4.2 Workability (Slump) Test 40
4.3 Density Test 40
4.4 Compressive Strength of the Hardened
Concrete Cubes 44
4.5 Discussion of Result 45
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation 50
5.1 Conclusion 50
5.2 Recommendation 51
Reference 52
LIST OF PLATES
Plate: 3.1 Bamboo Leaf in it Natural Habitat 21
Plate:3.2 Burning of Bamboo Leaf (BLAsh) 22
Plate 3.3 Sieve Analysis Test on BLAsh 22
Plate 3.4 Mixing of Bamboo Leaf Ash with
Varying % of Cement, Fine Aggregate
and Coarse Aggregate 27
Plate: 3.5 Casting of Concrete Cubes with
BLAsh Replacements 28
Plate 3.6 Curing of Concrete Cubes 29
Plate 3.7 Compressive Strength Test on the Concrete Cubes 30
Plate 3.8 Slump of Test of BLAsh Concrete 33
LIST OF TABLE
TABLE 3.1 COMPOSITION OF CONSTITUTENT
material for BLAsh concrete
at 0%,5%,10%,15% and 20% case 27
Table 4.1 The particle size distribution of sharp sand 36
Table 4.2 The Particle Size Distribution of Granite 39
Table 4.3 The Slump Value of The Fresh Concrete 40
Table 4.4 the Density of the Hardened Concrete
after 7 Days of Curing 41
Table 4.5 the Density of the Hardened Concrete
after 14 Days of Curing 41
Table 4.6 The Density of the Hardened Concrete
after 21 Days of Curing 22
Table 4.7 The Density of the Hardened Concrete
after 28 Days of Curing 43
Table 4.8 The Average Density of the Hardened Concrete 43
Table 4.9 Compressive Strength of the Hardened
Concrete after 7 Days 44
Table 4.10 Compressive Strength of the Hardened
Concrete after 14 Days 45
Table 4.11 Compressive Strength of the Hardened
Concrete after 21 Days 46
Table 4.12 Compressive Strength of the Hardened
Concrete after 28 Days 47
Table 4.13 Average Compressive Strength of
BLAsh Concrete at different Ages 28
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 4.1 Particle Size Distribution Curve of Sharp Sand 37
Figure 4.2 Particle Size Distribution Curve of Granite 39
Figure 4.3 Effects of BLAsh Replacement on
Concrete with respect to Days Curing 48
ABSTRACT
Concrete is a major construction material, which is usually made by mixing cement, water, fine and coarse aggregate and sometimes admixtures in their right proportions. The use of waste materials with pozzolanic properties in concrete production is a becoming a worldwide practice. The assessment of the pozzolanic activity of cement replacement materials is becoming increasingly important because of the need for more sustainable cementing products. In this bamboo leaf Ash is used as partial replacement for cement in ranges of 5%, 10% 15%. Strength and durability tests were carried out to assess the feasibility of using bamboo leaf ash as partial replacement of cement in concrete. This showed that BLAsh has no significant effect on the density of the concrete comparatively. The strength values at different ages for BLAsh replacements compare to be a bit favorable with the control of 0% BLAsh replacement. The optimum compressive strength of 20.00N/mm2 was obtained at 5% replacement at 28 days of age compared to the control of 20.00N/mm2. It is therefore advisable to use 5% replacement of BLAsh with cement paste when it is to be used as supplement to cement.
