ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to establish and describe the causes and effects of child mistreatment in Aber Sub County with the view of alleviating children's problems and securing a good future for them. It was carried out in four parishes and five primary schools of Aber Sub County, Oyam district. The researcher used questionnaires, interviews and observation to gather data. Sixty people took part in the study. Children suffered indiscriminate abuse of their rights, in the hands of both those known to them and those unknown, adults and fellow children too, for various reasons with many terrible effects on them. Many have big problems adjusting socially, in fact many become social misfits.