ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of drug and substance abuse on academic performance of primary pupils in Nyatike Division, Nyatike District- Kenya. Most of schools in this region have being experiencing challenges in trying to fight this menace of drug and substance abuse among the primary pupils. The eight (8) schools that participated in the study were selected random sampling technique. Both random and purposive sampling techniques were used in selecting the 80 respondents Data collected was analyzed using both descriptive and statistical techniques. The major findings were drug and substance abuse affect the academic performance of pupils negatively. The pupils who are in drug and substance abuse their class performance is normally poor. Base on these findings, it is recommended that the government, schools and the community have to join hands and embrace new techniques of drug prevention. The teachers, pupils and parent need to be equipped with skills of drug prevention and resistance skills through workshops, seminar and even life skill Education in school curriculum.

Table of Contents

DECLARATION ................................................................................................................ II

APPROVAL ...................................................................................................................... III

DEDICATION ................................................................................................... ............... IV

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................. V

LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... VIII

DEFINITIONS OF TERMS ............................................................................................... X

ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... XI

CHAPTER ONE ...................................................................... ..... ....................................... 1

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1

1.0 CHAPTER OVERVIEW ............................................................................................... 1

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY .................................... ................................................ 1

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ................................................................................... 3

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY ........................................................................................ 3

GENERAL OBJECTIVE .................................................................................................... 3

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES ......................................................................... ........................... 3

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ........................................................................................... 4

SCOPE OF THE STUDY .................................................................................................... 4

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY .................................................................................... 4

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY ...................................................................................... 5

CHAPTER TWO .................................................................. ............................................... 7

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ........................................................................... 7

2.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 7

EFFECTS OF DRUGS UPON THE BODY AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE ........ 9

INFLUENCING FACTORS INTO DRUG ABUSE .......................................... ............. 12

2.2.1 School Risk Factors .............................................................................................. 12

2.2.2 Individual I Peer Risk Factors: ............................................................................. 13

2.2.3 Family Risk Factors .............................................................................................. l4

2.2.4 Community Risk Factors ...................................................................................... 15

2.3 POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS IN CURBING DRUG ABUSE AMONG PRIMARY

PUPILS .............................................................................................................................. l6

2.3.1 Education: ............................................................................................................. 16

2.3.2 Family ................................................................................................................... 17

2.3.3 Community ........................................................................................................... 17

Vl

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CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................................................... 19

METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 19

3.0 CHAPTER OVERVIEW ................................................................. ............................ 19

3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN .............................................................................. ................... 19

3.2 RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................. 19

3.3 POPULATION OR RESEARCH SUBJECTS ............................. ....................... ....... 19

3.4 SAMPLE SIZE ............................................................................................................ 20

3.4.1 Sampling Procedure !Techniques ......................................................... ................ 20

3.5 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS ..................................................... ............................. . 20

3.5.1 Questionnaire ................................................................................ ...... .................. 20

3.5.2 Interviews ............................................................................................................. 20

3.6 RESEARCH PROCEDURE ........................................................................................ 20

3.7 DATA ANALYSIS ......................................................................... ..................... .. ..... 21

CHAPTER FOUR ..................................................................................... .. .... .................. 22

PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA. ...................... ...... .................. 22

4.0 CHAPTER OVERVIEW ............................................................................................. 22

4.1 DATA DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................... .... 22

4.1.1 Respondents Profile ........................................................................ .................. .... 22

4.2 EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE ..... ................... 26

4.3 INFLUENCING FACTORS TO DRUG ABUSE ....... .............................. .................. 29

CHAPTER FIVE ...................................................................... ......................................... 3 2

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................... ............ .. 32

5.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... .. 32

5.1 SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS ............................ ............................................ 32

5.1.1 Effect of drug abuse on academic performance ........................ ........................... 32

5.1.2 Influencing Factors to drug abuse ..................................................................... .. . 32

5.1.3 Possible Solutions in Curbing Drug and Substance Abuse .................................. 33

5.2 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................. ....................... 33

5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................ ..... 33

REFERENCE .................................................................................................................... 35

APPENDIX I .................................................................................................... ................. 37