TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i Approval page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Content v
List of Table ix
List of Figure x
Abstract xi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study 1
1.2 Justification of the study 3
1.3 Aim and Objectives 3
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Punicagranatum fruits 5
2.1.2. Botanical description of Punicagranatum seed 10
2.1.3. Health benefits of Punicagranatum seed 10
2.2 Cholesterol 12
2.2.1. Hypercholesterolemia 15
2.2.2. Description of Hypercholesterolemia 15
2.2.3. Signs and symptons of Hypercholesterolemia 19
2.2.4. Causes of Hypercholesterolemia 20
2.2.5. Biomakers of hypercholesterolemia 22
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1. Materials 26
3.1.1. Punicagranatum fruits 26
3.1.2. Experimental animals 26
3.1.3. Reagent and assay kits 26
3.2. Methods 27
3.2.1 Preparation of aqueous extract of Punicagranatum seed 27
3.2.2. Phytochemical analysis 27
3.2.3. Induction of Hypercholesterolemia 31
3.2.4. Experimental Design 31
3.2.5. Preparation of Serum 32
3.3. Biochemical assay 33
3.3.1. Determination of Serum Total cholesterol 33
3.3.2 Determination of Serum High Density Lipoprotein 35
3.3.3. Determination of Serum Triglycerides 38
3.3.4. Determination of Low Density Lipoprotein 41
3.3.5. Determination of Very Low Density Lipoprotein 42
3.3.6. Determination of Artherogenic Index 42
3.3.7. Determination of Coronary Artery Risk 43
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS
4.1. Estimation of Total phenol content of aqueous extract of
Punicagranatum seed. 44
4.2. Estimation of radical scavenging 2,2diphenyl – 1- picrylhydrazyl
of aqueous extract of Punicagranatum seed. 44
4.3. Estimation of inhibitory activity using Lipase of aqueous extract of Punicagranatum seed 45
4.4 Total Cholesterol and Triglyceride cholesterol
4.5. High Density Lipoprotein and Very low density lipoprotein
4.6. Low density Lipoprotein
4.7. Atherogenic index and Coronary risk index
CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION
Conclusion 57
References 58
Appendix 68
ABSTRACT
The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of oral administration of aqueous extract of Punicagranatum seed on Triton X-100 induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of Triton X-100 and the rats were later treated with aqueous extract of Punicagranatum seed at different dosage levels (50,100 and 200mg/kg body weight) and 10ml/kg/day of standard drug (Astrovastatin) for seven days. Another group received 0.9% Normal saline (1 ml/kg/day). Animals were euthanize by anaesthetization at the end of the experiment to harvest serum used for the biochemical analysis. Aqueous extract of Punicagranatum seed extract prevented triton- induced increase in serum cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) in a statistically significant manner (p < 0.05) and reversed the elevated serum LDL/HDL ratio comparably to Astrovastatin, The results demonstrated the amelioration of triton- induced hypercholesterolemia in rats by aqueous extract of Punicagranatum seed. Consequently, we can hypothesize that the part of Punicagranatum seed mediated therapeutic effects is associated with its antiatherogenic/hypolidemic component.
