Abstract This research aimed at finding out how Socio Economic changes in child upbringing i.e. employment, poverty and HI V/AIDS have affected child academic performance in Mukono Municipality, Mukono district. The researcher wished to find out the importance of teaching learning materials to the child and how a teacher had a great impact on the development and performance of the child. Stratified sampling and random sampling techniques were used in this research so that each individual was given the same chance of being included in the sample, The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire. The number of participants involved was sixty. The results indicated that the teacher had a great impact on the development and performance of the child, despite the varied child rearing practices. The results also revealed that children who were given a variety of attractive materials discovered and explored for themselves and remembered what they had learnt easily. From the results children should be given the basic needs so as to develop holistically and perform well in class. The researcher wished to recommend that the parents should spare sometime for their children, use their resources to provide the basic needs to the child and appreciate the role of the teacher and caregivers by paying them well.