CABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION

APPROVAL

DEDICATION ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv

ACRONYMS V

LIST OF TABLES X

LIST OF FIGURES X~

ABSTRACT xii

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Background 1

1.1.1 Theoretical framework 3

1.2 Statement of the problem 3

1.3 Purpose of the Study 3

1.3.1. Specific objectives 3

1.4 Research questions 4

1.5 Scope of the study

1.6 Significance of the study 4

vi

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction 6

2.1 Prevalence of children living under low and difficult economic social status in Tororo

district

2.2 Kinds and effects of difficult socio-economic status facing learners in Tororo district 8

2.2.1 Traumatized children 8

2.2.2 Abused and Neglected children 9

2.2.3 Child labour / working children 10

2.2.4 Orphaned Children 10

2.2.5 Children affected and/or infected by HIV/AIDS 10

2.2.6 Children from deprived or Rich families ii

2.3 Factors leading to low/difficult living status conditions 11

2.3.1 Economic Factors 11

2.3.2 Cultural factors

2.3.3 Natural Calamity 14

2.3.4 Political instability (insecurity) 15

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction 16

3.1 Research approach 16

3.2 Research design 16

3.3 Target population 16

3.4 Sample 16

3.4.1 Sampling Procedure 16

VII

3.5 Research Instruments/Tools .17

3.6 Reliability and validity ~f instruments 17

3.7 Data collection techniques/procedure 17

3.8 Data Analysis 17

3.9 Sources of data 17

3.9.1 Primary Data 18

3.9.2 Secondary data 18

3.10 Ethical Considerations 18

3.11 Limitations 19

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.0 Introduction 20

4.1 Profile of the respondents 20

4.2 The findings on the prevalence of students living under difficult circumstances 23

4.3 The findings on the nature of difficult circumstance and their effects on the education of

learners 26

4.4 The findings on factors leading to difficult conditions 26

4.5 The findings on how to determine and evaluate management measures for students living

under difficult circumstances 29

CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.0 Introduction 31

5.1 Discussion 32

5.2 Summary 32

5.3 Conclusion 33 

ABSTRACT 

The overall objective of this report is to study the predicaments of social and economic nature that schools located in Mulanda, Tororo district. This study was premised on objectives that included; Examination of the hindrances to excellent performance of learners. To investigate the likely causes of the perennial problems in Mulanda schools. To assess the effectiveness of the remedies so far put in place by relevant education organs to mitigate the problem using a sample of 70 randomly selected respondents comprising of all the stake holders i.e. parents, teachers, students, districts education depart and central government officials (RDCS office). The study came up with the following findings inadequate supply of scholastic materials in most Mulanda, public schools has road blocked excellent performance. Low motivation as teachers though promptly paid government salaries; they are not enough to sustain them and their families. Late coming of both students and teachers due to the long distance they cover on foot to school from their places of abode (Homes). Dilapidated infrastructure I most schools that fail the learning and teaching process. Lack of conducive learning atmosphere as many schools are located in the busy sub county. Wide spread poverty in many families that complicate students feeding. Negative attitude towards education especially in respect of the girl child as most parents prefer to herd animals instead of educating girls as opposed to the boys. It’s an appealing recommendation of this study that if Mulanda, public schools are to regain their lost academic glory of excellence a concerted effort among all stake holders is urgently called for. There also ought to be immediate change of attitude in relation to education acquiring irrespective of gender and government needs to step not only the motivation of teachers, but also improve the inspection department on top of building houses for teachers on school compound.