TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page ………………………………………………….…….…..…i

Approval Page……………………………………………………..…..…ii

Dedication……………………………………………………….…...…..iii

Acknowledgement………………………………………………………..iv

Table of contents…………………………………………………..…..….v

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction …………………………………………………..…….….1

1.2 Significance of the Study…………………………………………….....2

1.3 Research Question ………………………………………………….….2

1.4 Statement of Problems………………………………………………….3

CHAPTER TWO

2.1 Introduction………………………………………………………….…4

2.2 Mother Tongue …………………………………………………….…...6

2.3 Second Language Learning…………………………………….….……6

2.4 The Linguistic Codes………………………………………………....…9

2.4.1 Charts of International Phonetic Alphabet …………………….…..…9

2.4.2 Vowel and Consonant………………………………………..……...10

2.5 Phonology………………………………………………………..……15

2.5.1 Phoneme…………………………………………………..……...….15

2.5.2 The Syllable………………………………………….…….…….….16

2.5.3 Stress ………………………………………………………………..19

2.5.4 Aspects of Connected Speech …………………………………..…...20

2.6 Morphology ………………………………………………………..….20

2.6.1 Word ……………………………………………………………...….22

2.6.2 Morphemes ………………………………………………………..…23

2.6.3 Simple Morphology Tree…………………………………………….24

2.7 Syntax………………………………………………………………….26

1.7.1 Phrase………………………………………………………………..35

2.7.2 Types of Phrase ……………………………………………………...35

2.7.3 Clauses……………………………………………………………….37

2.7.4 Sentence……………………………………………………………..39

3.7.5 Classification of Sentences ………………………………………….40

2.8 Anxiety ……………………………………………………………..…43

2.9 Dyslexia ………………………………………………………….……44

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………47

3.2 Native Language Skills and Second Language ……………………..…48

3.3 Anxiety and Second Language Learning………………………………49

3.4 Negative Transfer in Psychology…………………………...………….50

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………...57

4.2 Phonological Problems………………………………………….……..57

4.3 Language Transfer …………………………………….………….…..64

4.4 Causes of Second Language Anxiety …………………………….….65

4.5 Factor Analysis……………………………………………………66

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………..70

5.3 Conclusion …………………………………………………………....72

5.4 Recommendation ……………………………………………………..76

References…………………………………………………………..…….79