MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON PRODUCTIVITY
(A STUDY OF INNOSON TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL COMPANY LIMITED EMENE)
ABSTRACT
This research work examined manpower development and its effect on productivity. A study of Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited Emene. The objectives of the study include to: assess the extent manpower development has affected productivity, find out the challenges militating against manpower development in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited, identify the techniques of manpower development in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited and ascertain the need for manpower development in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited. The major instrument of data collection was the questionnaire. The sources of data were the primary and secondary sources. The population of the study was 602 while the sample size of 240 was determined using the Taro Yamane’s formula. The data collected was presented in tables of frequencies, percentages using the five point likert scale. The hypotheses were tested using the chi-square distribution formula. The findings included that manpower development has affected productivity in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited to a significant extent, there are challenges militating against manpower development in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited, there are techniques of manpower development in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited and there are needs for manpower development in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited. The research concluded that manpower development has positive effect on organizational productivity and it was recommended that the Management of every organization should embark on manpower development as it has a significant effect on productivity, the Management of organizations should always be aware of the challenges militating against manpower development and should try to overcome it, the management of organizations should equip themselves with the techniques of manpower development and organizations should take manpower development seriously as it is necessary in every organization
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1     Background of the Study    
1.2     Statement of the Problem                        
1.3     Objectives of the Study                         
1.4     Research Questions                            
1.5     Statement of Hypotheses                         
1.6     Significance of the Study                        
1.7    Scope of the Study                             
1.8    Limitations of the Study                        
1.9     Operational Definition of Terms                    
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1    Conceptual Framework                        
2.1.1 Concept of Manpower                            
2.1.2 Concept of Manpower Development                    
2.1.3 Nature of Manpower Development                    
2.1.4 Objectives of Manpower Development                
2.1.5 Functions of Manpower Development                
2.1.6 Concept of Productivity                            
2.1.7 Classification of Productivity                        
2.1.8     The Effect of Manpower development on Organizational Productivity                        
2.1.9 Challenges of Manpower Development in an Organization     
2.2 Theoretical Framework of the Study                
2.2.1 Scientific Management Theory                    
2.2.2 The Human Relations Movement                    
2.2.3 The Hawthorne Effect by Elton Mayo                
2.2.4 The Human Capital Appraisal by Friedman             
2.3     Empirical Review                             
2.3.1 The Extent Manpower Development Has Affected Productivity
in Organization                                 
2.3.2 The Challenges Militating Against Manpower
Development In organization                    
2.3.3 The Techniques of Manpower Development in Organization    3    
2.3.4 The Need for Manpower Development in Organization        
2.4 Summary of Review of Related Literature            
2.5 Gap in the Review of Related Literature            
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1    Research Design                            
3.2    Sources of Data                            
3.2.1    Primary Sources                            
3.2.2 Secondary Sources                            
3.3    Area of the Study                            
3.4     Population of the Study                        
3.5    Sample Size Determination                     
3.6     Instruments for Data Collection                
3.7    Validity of the Instrument                     
3.8    Reliability of the Instrument                    
3.9     Method of Data Presentation and Analysis        
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.1    Data Presentation and Analysis                 
4.2    Bio-Data                                    
4.3     Data Relating To Research Questions            
4.3.1 Research Question One                        
4.3.2 Research Question Two                        
4.3.3 Research Question Three                        
4.3.4 Research Question Four                        
4.4    Test of Hypotheses                            
4.4.1 Test of Hypothesis One                        
4.4.2 Test of Hypothesis Two                        
4.4.3 Test of Hypothesis Three                        
4.4.4 Test of Hypothesis Four                        
4.5    Discussion of Findings                         
4.5.1 Discussion Based on Hypothesis One            
4.5.2: Discussion Based on Hypothesis Two            
4.5.3: Discussion Based on Hypothesis Three            
4.5.4: Discussion Based on Hypothesis Four            
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1    Summary of Findings                         
5.2     Conclusion                                 
5.3     Recommendations                             
5.4    Contribution to Knowledge                     
5.5    Suggestions for further Research                
List of References                             
Appendix                                    
Questionnaire                                
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1    Background of the Study
The economic development of a country depends on the quality and quantity of its resources, the state of technology and efficient deployment of resources in both production and consumption process (Griffin, 2013). Most organizations today are facing problems because they did not develop their workforce, neither do they have any systematic human resources management programmes that consider organizational productivity.
In the words of Dhamodhavan (2014), manpower is very vital to job productivity and organizational performance, since the formal educational system does not adequately provide specific job skills for a position in a particular organization. While few individuals may have requisite skills, knowledge, abilities and competencies needed to fit in a specific job function, some others may require extensive training to acquire the necessary skills to be able to fit in a specific job function and also make significant contribution to the organisation’s performance.
Goldstein (2012), refers to manpower development as the systematic acquisition and development of the knowledge, skills and attitudes required by employees to adequately perform a task or job to improve performance in the job environment.  Manpower development has been an important variable in increasing organizational productivity.  Many researchers showed that manpower development is a fundamental and effective instrument for successful accomplishment of the firm’s goals and objectives, resulting in higher productivity. Manpower development builds a team that is effective, efficient and well motivating, thereby enhancing the confidence and self-esteem of employees to replace those who have left the organization. Indeed, the benefits of manpower is often taken as the most important resource of an organization because through it, other resources (material and financial) are harnessed to meet the need of man.
Onah (2014), asserts that organizational effectiveness rests on the efficient and effective performance of the workforce that make up the organization. the efficient and effective performance of the workforce inturn, rests on the richness of the knowledge, skills and abilities possessed by the workforce. Manpower development in most organizations is a continuous act/exercise.  The inexorable march of time and the ceaseless glamour for social change combine to make adaptability and continuing preparation of the workforce as inevitable as the initial acquisition of knowledge and skills.  This cannot happen if employees development do not occur in an enterprise.
In order to maximize the productivity and efficiency of the organization, every executive, manager or supervisor in a public or private organization has the responsibility and indeed the bounding duty to ensure the development of their employees, who have requisite knowledge and expertise (Graham, 2013).  These emphases on manpower and development is influenced by the belief that it is now desirable to focus more attention on areas which in the past have been relatively neglected, because every organization must provide for the needs, interest and desire of its employees within the work environment, if it is to earn loyalty, dedication, involvement and commitment necessary to compete effectively. But majority of the Nigerian firms, probably due to economic recession have not been giving adequate attention to manpower development. Hence, the research to examine manpower development as a tool for high productivity with Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited Emene as a case study.
1.2    Statement of the Problem
Development focuses on building the knowledge and skills of organizational members, so that they will be prepared to take on new responsibilities and challenges. The consequences or effects of not developing the manpower of an organization has led to such organizations not creating a pool of readily available and adequate replacements for personnel who may leave or move up in the organization.
Furthermore, it has led to inability of the company to adopt and use advances in technology because of insufficient knowledgeable staff.
Moreover, another effect of not developing the manpower of an organization is the inability to build a more efficient, effective and highly motivated team to enhance the company’s competitive position and improve employee’s morale. This is because development is known to increase the morale of the workforce.
Finally, other consequences of not developing manpower include high labour turnover; poor job performance, reduced patronage from customers, negative work attitudes such as lateness etc. 
1.3    Objectives of the Study
The broad objective of the study is to examine manpower development as a tool for high productivity. However, the specific objectives include:
(1)    To assess the extent manpower development has affected productivity in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited
(2)    To find out the challenges militating against manpower development in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited
(3)    To identify the techniques of manpower development in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited
(4)    To ascertain the need for manpower development in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited
1.4    Research Questions
Based on the objectives of the study, the following research questions were raised
(1)    To what extent has manpower development affected productivity in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited?
(2)    What are the challenges militating against manpower development in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited?
(3)    What are the techniques of manpower development in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited?
(4)    What are the needs for manpower development in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited?
1.5 Statement of Hypotheses
Based on the research questions, the following hypotheses were formulated
Hypothesis One
H0:    Manpower development has not affected productivity in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited to a significant extent
H1:    Manpower development has affected productivity in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited to a significant extent
Hypothesis Two
H0:    There are no challenges militating against manpower development in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited
 H1:    There are challenges militating against manpower development in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited
Hypothesis Three
H0:    There are no techniques of manpower development in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited
H1:    There are techniques of manpower development in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited
Hypothesis Four
H0:    There is no need for manpower development in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited
H1:    There is need for manpower development in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited
1.6    Significance of the Study
This research work will be beneficial to both the management of private and public organizations because they will come to realize the need or relevance of manpower development in their organization. the researcher will benefit from this study, as it is a pre-requisite for graduation. The universities will benefit from this study as it increases their data bank.  The research work will also serve as reference material for further research on this topic.
1.7    Scope of the Study
In terms of coverage, this study covered the extent manpower development has affected productivity in Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited, the challenges militating against manpower development, the techniques of manpower development and the need for manpower development. The organization covered is Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited.
1.8    Limitations of the Study
The researcher encountered some constraints in the course of carrying out this research.  Among them were time, finance and uncooperative attitude of respondents.
Uncooperative attitude of respondents: In the process of conducting this research, the researcher was impeded by the attitude of respondents. This is so, as some respondents felt indisposed to provide vital information concerning their firm as a result of prejudiced opinion conceived about the study.
However, the researcher has able to assuage their fears and clear misconceptions by explaining the true purpose of the study to them.  
1.9    Operational Definition of Terms
Manpower: This is the total supply of personal available or engaged for a specific job or task.
Development: Development is a cause of action designed to enable individual to realize his potential for growth in the organization.
Productivity: This is the ratio of output to input over a period of time.