EFFECT OF MANAGERIAL SKILLS ON EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN ENUGU STATE
(A STUDY OF MARY EMMANUEL HOME FOR THE POOR ENUGU)
ABSTRACT
This research work examined Effect of Managerial Skills on the Promotion of Entrepreneurial Activities in the Private Sector. A study of Mary Emmanuel Home for the Poor Enugu. The objectives of the study include to: find out the extent managerial skills has affected entrepreneurial development in the private sector, determine the challenges militating against managers in acquiring effective managerial skills in the private sector, ascertain the benefits of having effective managerial skills towards entrepreneurial development in the private sector and examine the different skills needed by managers in entrepreneurial development in the private sector. The sources of data used were the primary and secondary sources of data. The population of the study was 51 while the sample size of 51 was determined by applying the rule governing population and sampling. The major instrument of data collection was the questionnaire. The data collected were presented in tables using frequencies and percentages and analysed using the five point likert system. The hypotheses were tested using the chi-square distribution formula. The findings included that managerial skills have affected entrepreneurial development in the private sector to a large extent, there are challenges militating against managers in acquiring effective managerial skills in the private sector, there are benefits of having effective managerial skills towards entrepreneurial development in the private sector and  human skills, technical skills and conceptual skills are some of the skills needed by managers in entrepreneurial development in the private sector. The research concluded that managerial skill has a positive effect on the promotion of entrepreneurial activities in the private sector and it was recommended that the management of organizations in the private sector should endeavour to acquire the necessary skills as it affect entrepreneurial development to a large extent, management of business organizations in the private sector should try to overcome the challenges militating the acquisition of managerial skills, management of both governmental and non-governmental organizations should try to acquire the necessary managerial skills and Management of private organizations should try to acquire human skills, technical skills and conceptual skills.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1     Background of the Study                        
1.2     Statement of the Problem                        
1.3     Objectives of the Study                         
1.4     Research Questions                            
1.5     Statement of Hypotheses                         
1.6     Significance of the Study                        
1.7    Scope of the Study                             
1.8    Limitation of the study                        
1.9    Operational definition of terms                    
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1    Conceptual Framework of the Study                
2.2     Theoretical Framework of the Study                
2.3 Historical Background of Mary Emmanuel Home
for the Poor (MEHP)                            
2.4    Empirical Review                              
2.5 Summary of Review of Related Literature            
2.6 Gap in the Review of Related Literature             
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1    Research Design                            
3.2    Sources of Data                            
3.2.1     Primary Sources                            
3.2.2 Secondary Sources                            
3.3    Area of the Study                            
3.4     Population of the Study                        
3.5    Sample Size Determination                     
3.6     Instruments for Data Collection                
3.7    Validity of the Instrument                     
3.8    Reliability of the Instrument                    
3.9     Method of Data Presentation and Analysis        
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.1    Data Presentation and Analysis                 
4.2    Bio-Data                                    
4.3     Data Relating To Research Questions            
4.3.1 Research Question One                            
4.3.2 Research Question Two                        
4.3.3 Research Question Three                        
4.3.4     Research Question Four                        
4.4    Test of Hypotheses                            
4.4.1 Test of Hypothesis One                        
4.4.2 Test of Hypothesis Two                        
4.4.3 Test of Hypothesis Three                        
4.4.4 Test of Hypothesis Four                        
4.5    Discussion of Findings                         
4.5.1 Discussion Based on Hypothesis One            
4.5.2: Discussion Based on Hypothesis Two            
4.5.3: Discussion Based on Hypothesis Three            
4.5.4 Discussion Based on Hypothesis Four            
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1    Summary of Findings                         
5.2     Conclusion                                 
5.3     Recommendations                             
5.4    Contribution to Knowledge                     
5.5     Suggestions for further Research                
List of References                                      Appendix            Questionnaire                                
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
For any business organization, to withstand the test of time, the ability of the manager is an important issue not to be over emphasized. This is because the manager is like the driver, directing or steering the way an organization should be propelled (Ibesim, 2015:71). If he has the experience and ability to manage, the organization will benefit, otherwise it will be to the detriment of the organization. The functions of a manager in an organization requires adequate managerial skill in order to be executed properly. The functions include planning, organizing, directing and controlling. The manager supervises the combination and utilization of the organization in order to achieve the objectives for which they are established.
Moreover, Ile (2013:23), posits that the elements or functions of management relate to the tasks and duties of a manager. Therefore, the manager can cope with the task allotted to him only when he possesses the skills necessary for the satisfactory accomplishment of the resulting duties. Kat (2014:62), opines that the skills needed by a manager could be human skills, which relate to the ability to work with and understand and motivate people as individuals and groups. Thus, a manager works with and through people at every level in an organization in striving towards goals. The skills could also be technical skills, which relate to the ability to use tools, procedures and techniques in a specialized area. The skill could be conceptual, skills which refer to the mental ability to coordinate and integrate all of an organization’s activities or design skills which is the ability to have analytical and problem solving abilities. This means that managers must also identify problems, analyse complex situations and by solving the problems encountered exploit the opportunities presented.
Entrepreneurship is the lifeblood of the Nigerian economy. It is the cradle of job and wealth creation in the most innovative ways.
The prosperity and progress of a nation, depends on the quality of its people (Adeyemi, 2014:70). If they are enterprising, ambitious, and courageous enough to bear the risk, the community/society will develop quickly. Such people are identified as entrepreneurs and their character reflects entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is no monopoly of any religion or community (Timus, 2013:98). Entrepreneurial potential can be found and developed any where irrespective of age, qualification, experience, or socio-economic background, only efforts are required in the right direction.
    Entrepreneurship may not be regarded as a sufficient condition for growth activity, but is surely a necessary condition (Destipande, 2014:78), hence it must be given top priority in the national programmes of a country. It is widely acknowledged in entrepreneurship literature that entrepreneurship is about people who realize new opportunities. Entrepreneurs are persistent, passionate, adaptable and able to take risks. As a result, entrepreneurship can occur in a range of environments. However, at the core of entrepreneurship lies the creation of new business ventures by individuals or teams (Murthy, 2016:66).
    A small business unit, is thus an enterprise, its owner, an entrepreneur and his activities are the entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is a human activity development. It indicates the spirit of enterprise. Such spirit transforms the man from a nomad to a cattle rearer, to a settled agriculturist, to a trader and an industrialist (Jeng 2016:54). But one of the problems facing entrepreneurs in Nigeria is lack of managerial skills. So many entrepreneurs have failed in their businesses because of not having the adequate skills to manage the organization. It is based on this backdrop that this research examined effect of managerial skills on effective management of non-governmental organizations in Enugu State.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The effect or consequences of managers not having the necessary managerial skills needed for entrepreneurship could lead to the inability of the managers to work with understanding and motivate employees. Thus, the manager finds it difficult to work with and through people at every level in striving towards organizational goals. The manager is likely to have problem in the correct use of power. He fails to understand that his power comes from the employees, whose activities he is supervising. The manager without the managerial skills, lacks coordination in seeing that the employees work efficiently and economically in harmony, towards the common objectives.
        Furthermore, a manager who lacks managerial skills does not have the ability to use tools, procedures and techniques in a specialized area which may arise from lack of knowledge and experience of the work being done. The manager finds it difficult to make decisions, communicate the decision to those whose actions will be needed to put it into effect.
     Finally, a manager who lacks managerial skills, finds it difficult to articulate the mental ability to coordinate and integrate all of the organization’s activities. Such managers will find it difficult to adopt the right management style in their organization.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
   The general objective of the study was to examine the effect of managerial skills on effective management of non-governmental organizations in Enugu State. However, the specific objectives include:
1.    To find out the extent managerial skills has affected non-governmental organizations in Enugu State.
2.    To determine the challenges militating against managers in acquiring effective managerial skills in non-governmental organizations in Enugu State.
3.    To ascertain the benefits of having effective managerial skills in non-governmental organizations in Enugu State.
4.    To examine the different skills needed by managers in non-governmental organizations in Enugu State.   
1.4 Research Questions
Based on the objectives of the study, the following research questions were raised
1.    To what extent has managerial skills affected non-governmental organizations in Enugu State?
2.    What are the challenges militating against managers in acquiring effective managerial skills in non-governmental organizations in Enugu State?
3.    What are the benefits of having effective managerial skills in non-governmental organizations in Enugu State?
4.    What are the different skills needed by managers in non-governmental organizations in Enugu State?
1.5 Statement of Hypotheses
Based on the research questions, the following hypotheses were formulated  
Hypothesis One
H0:     Managerial skills have not affected non-governmental organizations in Enugu State.
H1: Managerial skills have affected non-governmental organizations in Enugu State.      
Hypothesis Two
H0:     There are no challenges militating against managers in non-governmental organizations in Enugu State.
H1:     There are challenges militating against managers in non-governmental organizations in Enugu State.
Hypothesis Three
H0:     There are no benefits of having effective managerial skills in non-governmental organizations in Enugu State.
H1:     There are benefits of having effective managerial skills in non-governmental organizations in Enugu State.
Hypothesis Four
H0:     Human skills, technical skills and conceptual skills are not some of the skills needed by managers in non-governmental organizations in Enugu State.
H1:     Human skills, technical skills and conceptual skills are some of the skills needed by managers in non-governmental organizations in Enugu State.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This research work will be beneficial to the non-governmental organizations. This is because they will be able to know the effective managerial skills needed for their business. Non-governmental organizations in the private sector like Mary Emmanuel Home for the Poor (MEHP) will benefit because they will know the necessary skills needed for success in their NGO. Government will benefit because it will help to create jobs for the unemployed. The researcher will benefits because it is a partial requirement for the award of a Bachelor of Science (B.Sc) degree in Business Administration. Finally, this research work serves as reference material for further research on this topic.
1.7    Scope of the Study
    This research work covered the extent managerial skills has affected non-governmental organizations, the challenges militating against managers in acquiring effective managerial skills in non-governmental organizations, the benefits of having effective managerial skills non-governmental organizations, the different skills needed by managers in non-governmental organizations. The non-governmental organization covered is Mary Emmanuel Home for the Poor (MEHP).
1.8    Limitations of the Study
The researcher encountered some impediments in the course of carrying out this research work. Among them were finance, time and uncooperative attitude of the respondents.
Finance: There was insufficient fund to carry out all that was required.
Time: Given the short time allowed, it was not easy combining the lecture time and the time allocated for this research.
Uncooperative Attitude of the Respondents: The members of staff of Mary Emmanuel Home for the Poor were economical with information. They thought the researcher was sent by their employers to get information which could be used to victimize them.. I overcame this limitation through the help of one of the manager who educated and sensitized them by letting them know, that this is just for the academic exercise.
1.9 Operational Definition of Terms
Managerial Skill: These are the skills needed by managers to carry out their functions of planning, organizing, directing and controlling activities adequately.   
Entrepreneurship: This can be defined as the ability to organize a business undertaking and assume the risks for the sake of profit.
Entrepreneurial Activities: These are those activities of the entrepreneur which includes generation of a business idea, taking the risk involved in business and investing in a business.