ABSTRACT

This research is aim at isolating and characterization of microorganism (fungi and bacteria) from pap sold in Enugu metropolis. This research was carried out by getting ten (10) different sample from ten (10) prominent areas of the state (Abakpa, Coal Camp, Obiagu, Emene, Uwani, Eke Obinagu, New Layout, New Heaven, Ogui Road and Trans-ekulu). The samples were aseptically collected and were conveyed to the laboratory where they were analyzed. From the result of the microbiological analysis, bacteria (Lactobacillus spp, Leuconostoc spp, Micrococcus spp, Escherichia spp, Pseudomonas spp) and fungi (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp, Trichosporon sp) were isolated. Thus, the research shows that pap sold in Enugu metropolis contain microorganism. However, the critical points of contamination of Ogi during production could be through water that were used for soaking, during grinding and the muslin clothes used for sieving. It is important that appropriate safety measures and good manufacturing practices could ensure quality ogi that would be free from all these microbial contaminants.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page                                                                                                    i

Approval page                                                                                             ii

Dedication                                                                                                   iii

Acknowledgements                                                                                     iv

Abstract                                                                                                      v

Table of content                                                                                           vi

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background to the study                                                                              1

Statement of Problem                                                                                2

Purpose of the Study                                                                                 3

Significance of Study                                                                                 3

Limitation of the Study                                                                                3

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE

Overview of Pap (Ogi)                                                                                 4

Fermentation of Cereals                                                                               5

Microorganisms for Cereal Fermentations                                                    7

Preparation Effects on the Physical, Chemical and Microbial of Pap (Ogi)     9

Fermentation Process of Pap (Ogi)                                                               11

Microbial properties of Ogi                                                                          12

Physical properties of Ogi                                                                            13

Nutritional and chemical properties of Ogi                                                    14

CHAPTER 3

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Materials                                                                                                     17

Reagents and Media                                                                                    18

Sterilization of Equipment                                                                           19

Collection of Sample                                                                                   19

Preparation of Media                                                                                   19

Preparation of Samples                                                                                19

Isolation of Bacteria                                                                                    20

Characterization of Isolates                                                                          20

Biochemical Tests for Identification of Bacteria                                           21

Isolation of Fungi                                                                                         23

CHAPTER 4

RESULTS

Colony Formation of Microorganisms                                                          24

Colony characterization of Bacterial Isolate                                                  25

Microscopic characterization                                                                       26

Biochemical test                                                                                          27

Fungal macroscopic and microscopic characterization                                  28

CHAPTER 5

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION                         

Discussion                                                                                                   29

Conclusion                                                                                                  30

Recommendation                                                                                         31

References                                                                                                   32