TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS PAGES
Title page-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i
Certification--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii
Dedication---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii
Acknowledgement----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iv
Table of contents---------------------------------------------------------------------------------v
List of figures---------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------viii
List of appendix---------------------------------------------------------------------------------ix
Abstract------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of study----------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.2 Statement of problem --------------------------------------------------------------------2
1.3 Aims and Objectives----------------------------------------------------------------------2
1.4 Scope of the study--------------------------------------------------- --------------------3
1.5 Significance of Study---------------- ------------------------ --- ------------------------3
1.6 Methodology-------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Review Work----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
2.1 Public Transport Ticketing-------------------------------------------------------------------------4
2.2 Ticketing and Fare Management------------------------------------------------------------6
2.3 Trends in Ticketing---------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
2.4 Electronic ticketing in public transport---------------------------------------------------------9
2.4.1 Scope of Electronic ticketing systems----------------------------------------------------------10
2.5 Existing Technologies for Ticketing System--------------------------------------------------12
2.5.1 Smart Card Technology Based Ticketing Systems-------------------------------------------12
2.5.2 RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) Technology Based Ticketing System------------12
2.5.2.1 Operation of the RFID Based Ticketing System----------------------------------------------13
2.5.3 Near Field Communication (NFC) Based Mobile Ticketing--------------------------------14
2.5.3.1 NFC and Ticketing--------------------------------------------------------------------------------16
2.6 Ticketing Processes-------------------------------------------------------------------------------16
2.6.1 Registration----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16
2.6.2 Provisioning----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
2.6.3 Validation--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
2.7 Non-ticketing Applications----------------------------------------------------------------------18
CHAPTER THREE: MODEL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
3.1 Design methodology------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
3.2 Methods of data collection-----------------------------------------------------------------------20
3.2.1 Oral interview-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21
3.2.2 Study of existing system------------------------------------------------------------------------21
3.2.3 Evaluation of process forms--------------------------------------------------------------------22
3.3 Techniques and tools of systems analysis and design---------------------------------------22
3.4 Functional model requirement------------------------------------------------------------------23
3.4.1 Use-case diagrams graphically depict system behavior (use cases) ----------------------23
3.4.2 Data Flow Diagram------------------------------------------------------------------------------26
3.4.3 Object relational mapping/Class diagram-----------------------------------------------------28
3.5 Architecture Design of a Mobile Ticketing System-----------------------------------------29
3.6 Other nonfunctional requirements--------------------------------------------------------------30
3.6.1 Performance requirements-----------------------------------------------------------------------30
3.6.2 Safety requirements------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
3.6.3 Security requirements----------------------------------------------------------------------------30
CHAPTER FOUR: IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Implementation------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31
4.2 Choice of development tools------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
4.2.1 Hardware Specification--------------------------------------------------------------------------31
4.2.2 Software requirement----------------------------------------------------------------------------32
4.3 Testing----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
4.4 Maintenance---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
4.5 Result----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43
5.2 Conclusion--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43
5.3 Recommendations-------------------------------------------------------------------------------43
REFERENCES------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44
APPENDICES--------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------46
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES
Figure 2.1: Public transport ticketing with NFC phone------------------------------------------19
Figure 3.1: UML Use Case Activity for a Admin End User---------------------------------- --24
Figure 3.2: UML Use Case Activity for Customer Activity------------------------------------ 25
