ABSTRACT
The maximum recoverable oil in place from the reservoir is a major challenge when it comes to EOR which is an essential part of every oil production project. In some cases, the natural drive mechanism is a relatively inefficient process and results in a low overall oil recovery. The lack of sufficient natural drive in such reservoirs has led to the practice of supplementing the natural reservoir energy by introducing some form of artificial drive, the most basic method being the injection of water. The aim of this project is to; first develop a reservoir simulation model of a typical polymer flooding process using REVEAL software, considering a simple homogenous reservoir. The objectives are to predict average reservoir parameters, to predict valuable production parameters, to produce 3-D graphic of the reservoir, to produce wellbore graphics of variation in pressure, temperature etc. ad to make valuable recommendations of the best approach for polymer application in EOR. Average reservoir results shows that a rapidly declining water pressure from 10/07/2016 to 06/04/2019 with slight increment in pressure around 7/08/2017. This may be due to the well being shut-in probably during maintenance or workover operation. The reservoir average result also shows that the oil recovery increased from 2016 to 2019 while the oil saturation declined rapidly. The pore volume showed a slight reduction to about 2.3525e. Liquid produced from 2016 showed erratic behavior till 2017 where there was no production to confirm the water pressure increment and oil pressure increment in 2017 earlier stated. There was a high water cut which started at 2017 to 2019. However, water cut was quite low at the beginning of production for few months in 2016. Salinities was quite good for the reservoir while oil pressures increased towards boundary. I recommend that production strings can be redesigned for polymer reinjection to save cost of drilling injection wells. I also recommend continuous monitoring should be carried out on polymer injected wells or reservoir.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title page
Certification i
Dedication ii
Acknowledgment iii
Abstract IV
Table of contents V
List of figures VI
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study 1
1.1.2 Polymer Flooding 2
1.1.3 Basic Simulation Background 4
1.1 Statement of Problem 5
1.2 Significance of Study 5
1.4 Objectives of the Study 6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1Historical Background of Polymer Flooding 7
2.2 Polymers 8
2.3Recovery from oil reservoirs 9
2.3.1 Primary recovery 9
2.3.2 Secondary recovery 13
2.3.3 Tertiary recovery 16
2.4 Polymer flooding mechanism 16
2.5 Types of Polymers for EOR Process 17
2.5.1 Xanthan Gum (corn sugar gum) 19
2.5.2 Synthetic/polyacrylamide 20
2.5.3 Biopolymer/polysaccharide 21
2.6 Reveal 22
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Materials used 24
3.2 Methods used 24
3.2.1 Control section 25
3.2.2 Reservoir section 25
3.2.3 Physical section 28
3.2.4 RelPerm section 30
3.2.5 Mobility section 30
3.2.6 Phase section 33
3.2.7 Adsorption section 33
3.2.8 Well section 36
3.2.9 Initialization section 37
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Results 40
4.1.1 Average reservoir result 40
4.1.2 Well results 40
4.1.3 Reservoir 3D results 46
4.1.4 Well bore results 54
4.2 Discussion 58
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion 59
5.2 Recommendation 60
REFERENCES 61-62
APPENDICES 63
