ABSTRACT 

The place of adequate nutrition in the live of the young especially in the recently weaned cannot be overemphasized. The abrupt change in diet, leading to possible immune system weakness and disease conditions, is a focal point in the care of the young. This project examined serum globulin and bilirubin levels in weanling rats whose feed was supplemented with Emilia sonchifolia leaf extract.Present investigation were carried out on the effect of ethanolic extract of Emilia Sonchifolia leaf on globulin and bilirubin of cadmium treated rat. It is presumed that drugs sourced from herbs have lesser side effects than allopathic drugs. Emilia Sonchifolia is widely used in herbal medicine for the treatment of several ailment such as jaundice, malaria, fever.However,  its toxicity profile are not well documented. The effect of ethanolic extract of Emilia Sonchifolia on serum globulin and albumin in cadmium chloride treated Albino rats was investigated in this study. Animals  of both sexes were randomly divided into three groups of five rat each and ethanolic extract of Emilia Sonchifolia was administered by oral gavage in a single dose,  Group I rats were administered 5mg/kg.b.wt of CdCl2, Group II were administered with 575mg/kg.b.wt of Emilia Sonchifolia extract and Group III received distilled water 10ml/kg and serve as control. Our data revealed that cadmium chloride infection cause a rise in globulin concentrations but reduced bilirubin concentration were observed (p<0.05) in the infected animals. These biochemical alterations were less severe in the treated group relative to untreated counterparts. The result suggests that the extract has mild effect and may not be completely safe at oral remedy investigated. 

EFFECT OF EMILIA SONCHIFOLIA LEAVE EXTRACT ON GLOBULIN AND BILIRUBIN LEVEL OF CADMIUM TREATED RAT.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Abstract

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Certification

Table of Contents

CHAPTER ONE:  INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

1.2 Statement of the problem

13 Aim and Objectives of the Study

1.4 Research questions

1.5 Significance of the study

1.6 Scope of the study

1.7.      Economic Analysis/Limitation

CHAPTER TWO:  LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Emilia sonchifolia: History and Ethnobotanical applications

2.2 Botanical description

2.3 Proximate Composition of Emilia sonchifolia leaf

2.4 Effect of oral administration of Emilia sonchifolia leaf

 in Wistar rats

2.5 Serum globulin and its clinical relevance

2.6 Serum bilirubin and its biochemical effects in animal  

2.7 Kidney function parameters and its relevance in health 

and disease . 

 2.8    Quercetin standard drug (administered as a single dose

in one group of experimental animals).

2.9.   Cadmium Toxicity in weanling rat.

CHAPTER THREE:  MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Plant material

3.2 Chemicals

3.3 preparation of extract

3.4 Site of Study

3.5 Experimental animals

3.6 Experimental design

3.7 Serum Globulin and Bilirubin Estimation

3.8.    Statistical Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR:  RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Results

4.2 Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE:  SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

5.1 Summary

5.2 Conclusion

5.3 Recommendations

References