REFURBISHING OF A FIXED AND FLUIDIZED BED
ABSTRACT
The repair of the fixed bed adsorption column, a product of arm field technical company was carried out for the purpose of bringing the faulty equipment back to its normal operating system.
Before this exercise, the equipment was out of operation because of the completely blocked base of the fixed bed column (water column) and the malfunctioning of the air control value.
The sintered bronze plate which formed the base of the water column was cleaned up and freed from debris which originally blocked the porosity of the plate to an unacceptably level.  To do this, the plate was soaked in a diluted acetic acid and a current of air used to free the tiny openings from blockage.  Later, the air control valve where properly reactivated, rectified and recalibrated.
At the end the operation of the equipment came back to normal functioning.  The entire equipment was cleaned up and lubricated.
The fluidized bed was run and found to be in good order.
TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0       CHAPTER ONE      - INTRODUCTION
2.0       CHAPTER TWO     - LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1              Absorption
2.2              Types of Absorption
2.2.1        Physical Absorption
2.2.2        Chemical Absorption
2.3              Absorbents
2.4              Desorption
2.4.1        Desorption Methods
2.5              Desorption Operation
2.5.1        Stagewise Operation
2.5.2        Continuous Contact
2.6              Analysis of Fixed – Bed Adsorption
2.7              Adsorption of Solute from Dilute Solution
2.8              The Process of Welding
2.8.1        Oxy-Acetylene Welding
CHAPTER THREE
3.0       REFURBISHING PROCEDURE
CHAPTER FOUR    
4.0       OPERATION OF THE EQUIPMENT
CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusion
CHAPTER SIX
6.0       Recommendation
CHAPTER ONE
1.0              INTRODUCTION
Adsorption is a process in which a substance becomes attached to the surface of a solid or liquid.  The substances adsorbed at a solid or liquid.  The substances adsorbed at a solid surface may be gases, liquids or other solids (from solution).  The amount of material adsorbed by a given mass of adsorbent when the solid is porous of finely divided is large.  This confirms the theory that adsorption is a surface phenomena, since the surface area exposed is much greater when the particles are smaller.
The adsorption operations exploit the ability of certain solids preferentially to concentrate specific substances from solution into their surface.  In this manner, the components of either gaseous or solid solutions can be separated from each order.
In the field of gaseous separation, adsorption is used to dehumidify air and other gases, to remove objectionable odours and impurities from industrial gases such as carbon dioxide to recover valuable solvents vapours from dilute mixture with air and other gases, and to fractionate mixtures of hydrocarbon gases containing such substances as methane, ethylene, ethane, propylene and propane.
Adsorption from liquid phase is used to remove moisture dissolved in gasoline, decolourisation of petroleum products and aqueous sugar solutions, removal of objectionable teste and odour from water, and the fractionation of mixtures of aromatic and paraffinic hydrocarbons.
 1.1       Our main objective in this project is to refurbish fixed bed adsorption column.  The scale of operation ranges from the use of a few grams of adsorbent in the laboratory to industrial plants with an adsorbent inventory.
These operations are all similar in that the mixture to be separated is brought into contact with another insoluble phase, the adsorbent solid, and the unequal distribution of the original constituents between the adsorbed phase on the solid surface and the bulk of the fluid then permits a separation to be made.  All the techniques previously found valuable in the contact of insoluble fluids are useful in adsorption.  Thus, we have batch wise single – stage and continuous multistage separations and separations analogous to counter current absorption and stripping in the field of gas – liquid contact and to rectification and extraction with the use of reflux.  In addition, the rigidity and immobility of a bed of solid adsorbent particles make possible useful application of semiconscious methods which are not at all practicable when two fluids are contacted.