ABSTRACT

This project “production of plane mirror using local raw material” is meant to study the possibility of producing plane mirror using sand rich in silica as its major local raw material.

Plane mirror is produced by casting one side of a sheet glass.  Presently in Nigeria, sheet glass is not used easily produce and as such, the local raw material used in the in the production of plane mirror in this product backing paint.  The facilities for the production include spraying gun and finger brush.

In the course of production, the silver nitrate was first mixed with a reducing reagent; we formaldehyde of glucose, all in a distilled water.  After which the mirror backing paint was mixed with some amount of thinner.  The float glass was then washed with warm water and allowed to dry.  After drying, it was first coated with silver nitrate solution after the use of talcum power to rub on the back of the glass.

A second spraying of mirror- backing paint was done after the silver nitrate coating had dried up.  This whole operation now resulted to a plane-mirror since a plane mirror is also a coated glass.

The reflection of the mirror was taken after coating the glass, while the refractive index of the glass was taken before coating the float glass to form a mirror.

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page

Approval page

Letter of transmittal

Dedication 

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of content

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1Historical Background

1.2Definition:

1.3Aims:

1.4Scope of Study:

1.5Uses:

1.6Properties:

CHAPTER TWO

1.0LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1Plane Mirror

2.2Raw Material for Production of Plane Mirror

2.2.1Sand

2.2.2Soda Ash (Sodium Trioxocarbonate Iv)

2.2.3Limestone (Calcium Trioxocarbonate (W)

2.3.0Other Raw Material (Ie Additives)

2.3.1Colouring and Decolourizing Agents

2.3.2Melting and Refining Agents

2.3.3Opalizing Agents

2.2.4Modifiers

2.3.5Cullet

2.40Types of Furnaces

2.4.1Tank Furnance

2.4.2Pot Furances

2.4.3Day Tanks

2.4.3Recuperative Furnance

2.5.0Glass Formation

2.5.1Glass Melting Process

2.5Preparation of the Batch

2.5.1Melting Of Glass

2.6   Types of Glasses

2.6.2Float Glass

2.7Manufacture of Mirror

2.7.1Sequence of Production

2.7.2Cutting

2.7.2Labelling

2.7.3Polishing

2.7.4Washing Operation

2.7.5Silvering Spraying

2.7.6Painting

2.7.7Oven

2.7.8Cleaning and Inspection

2.7.10Drilling

2.8.0Types of Mirrors

2.9.0Optical Properties of Mirror

2.9.1Refractive Index and Dispersion

2.9.2Transparency

CHAPTER THREE

3.0Experiment Procedure for Production Of plane mirror

3.1Raw Materials

3.2Apparatus/Equipment

3.3Preparation of mirror silvering chemical

3.4Operational procedures involved in the production of plane mirror

3.5Experimental Result

3.5.1Refractive Index Of Glass

3.5.2Reflection of Plane Mirror

3.61Experimental Date For Refractive Index

3.61.1Experimental Data For Reflection

3.5.2Reflection of Plane Mirror

CHAPTER FOUR

DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION

CHAPTER SIX

RECOMMENDATION