In order to investigate the effects of Yoyo and Swedish bitters on arylesterase activity in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), 40 male albino rats were divided into 6 groups; i, 3-week Yoyo bitters. ii, 3-week Swedish bitters. iii, 3-week control. iv, 6-week Yoyo bitters. v, 6-week Swedish bitters, vi, 6-week control. Daily weight of animals were determined and dosage of bitters corresponding to weight of each animal was administered. VLDL was isolated by a simple precipitation procedure and Arylesterase activity was determined. There was no significant difference in the effect of both Yoyo and Swedish bitters on arylesterase activity (P>0.05) as compared with the control suggesting that neither bitters affect the VLDL arylesterase activity,. However, there was an increase in the activity of arylesterase (P<0.05) in the entire 6-week groups compared to the 3-week groups suggesting that increase in age might increase VLDL arylesterase activity which is an antioxidant.

Page

Title page

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Table of contents

Abstract

CHAPTER ONE

1.0    Introduction

1.1    Bitter foods

1.1.1 Yoyo bitters

1.1.2 Swedish bitters

1.2    Arylesterase

1.3    Lipoproteins

1.4    Justification

CHAPTER TWO

2.0    Literature review

2.1    Yoyo and Swedish bitters

2.2    Arylesterase

2.3    Lipoproteins

2.3.1 Classification of lipoproteins

CHAPTER THREE

3.0    Materials and method

3.1    Materials

3.1.1 Chemicals and reagents

3.1.2 Apparatus

3.1.3 Biochemical instruments

3.2    Methods

3.2.1 Animals and treatment

3.2.2 Dosage

3.2.3 Sacrifice and blood collection

3.2.4 Isolation of VLDL

3.2.5 Determination of Arylesterase

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0   Results

4.1   Characteristics of experimental groups

4.2   Effects of Yoyo and Swedish bitters on VLDLARE

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0   Discussion and conclusion

5.1   Recommendation

       References

       Appendix