EFFECTIVENESS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON HOST COMMUNITIES IN BENIN-CITY (A CASE STUDY OF GUINNESS NIGERIA PLC)
ABSTRACT
This research study is on determining the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility on the host communities particularly Guinness Nigeria, Plc. The study used both primary and secondary sources of data collection. Statistical tool such as frequency distribution, tables, percentages, and chi-square (x2) were used in the analysis of data and test of hypotheses. The research among others made the following findings; that there is no significant relationship between provision of organizational social responsibility and their performance of the duties. In other words, social responsibility rendered by an organization may not be used to determine its efficiency and effectiveness. The researcher concluded that inadequate resources (human and non-human) do not permit organizations to fully execute their social responsibility to their host communities. The researcher recommends that execution of projects should be based on their priority and the resources should be adequately provided for smooth discharge of organizations social responsibility by concerned individuals and bodies.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1    Background of the Study    -    -
1.2    Statement of the Problem    -    -
1.3    Research Question    -    -    -
1.4    Objective of the Study    -    
1.5    Significant of the Study    -    
1.6    Scope of the Study    -    -    -    
1.7    Limitation of the Study    -    -    
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1    Introduction    -    -    
2.2    Ethics Defined    -    -    -    
2.3    Historical Background of Corporate Social Responsibility     -
2.4    Reasons for Business Responsibility    -    -
2.5    Should Cooperate Organizations Socially Responsible
2.6    Model for Social Responsibility    -    -    -
2.7    Actual Areas of Social Responsibility of Corporation    
2.8    General Area of Business Social Responsibility to Customers-    
2.9    Responsibility to Minorities and Disadvantages
2.10    Social Responsibility of Business Social and Ethnic Consideration-
2.11    Assessment of the Effect of Philanthropic and Illegal Activity on
Organization Performance    -    -
2.12    Brief History of Guiness Nigeria Plc.    -    
2.13    Research Hypotheses    -    
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1    Introduction    -
3.2    Research Design    -    -    -
3.3    Population and Sampling Techniques
3.4    Operationalization of Variables     
3.5    Research Instrument -    -
3.6    Sources of Data    -    -
3.7    Data Analysis Techniques     
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.1    Introduction    -    -    -
4.2    Data Presentation and Analysis    -    -
4.3    Test of Hypothesis -    -    -    -
4.4    Discussion of Findings     -    -    -
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1    Introduction and Summary of Entire Work    -    
5.2    Summary of Findings    -    
5.3    Contribution of Knowledge/Practice     -    
5.4    Conclusion    -    -    -    -
5.5    Recommendations    -    
5.6    Limitations of the Study    
Bibliography     -    -    
Appendix I    -    -
LIST OF TABLE
4.1.1    Distribution and Receipts of Questionnaire    -    -    
4.2    What is your educational qualification     
4.3    Adequacy of Resources     -    -    -    
4.4    Extent of Host    -    -    -    -    
4.5    Setback in Services and Vardalization     -
4.6    Approval of Social Responsibility     -
4.7    Effect of Inflation    -    -    
4.9    Effect of Corporation    -    -
4.10    Landownership Claims     -    -
4.11    Technological Knowhow    -    -    -    
4.12    Social Responsibility and Growth of Communities     -    
4.13    Education, Training and Social Responsibility
4.14    Similarity of Social Responsibility     -    -
4.15    Provision of Enabling Environment    -
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1    BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Organizations are established to perform certain tasks that could improve the lots of their customers. In other words organizations aim to effectively provide goods and services to customers and in the process make profits. In trying to satisfy their customer’s organizations use resources in their production environment and dispose waste to it. To this effect, they are expected to render certain humanitarian (social responsible) services as a way of compensation to their host communities.
Social responsibility of a business organization according to Ugwunna (2006:63) is the provision of certain social and economic needs for the community where such organization performs operations. This provision is undertaken by business organization even when they are incurring losses. Kelth and Robert (2005:38) argued that social responsibility involves objective concern for the welfare of the people within which organization conducts it tasks.
Koontz et al (2002:153) opines that business social responsibility consists of an obligation to a decision maker or organization to make policies or plans that could protect and improve the welfare of the society and business own interest. Thus, for social responsibilities of an organization to be effective certain ethics, moral action, absolute standards, equate information, inter-relationships should be established by parties concerned. In other words, ethics involves controls of pollution in the environment, positive responsiveness providing for the less privilege, man aging the poverty level of the disadvantage and other efforts that could better or improve the lives of all in the host communities.
Ugwunna (199:64) opined that business ethics are guidelines as to what is right and moral in social, cultural and economic relationship. An example is a statement as to whether it is morally good or legitimate to give or accept bribery in the society. It is the view of the researcher in this study that since social responsibilities of business and other organizations is strategically positive then, (i.e. its merit outweighed the demerits) it should be adopted and practiced.
The analysis of business social responsibilities above confirmed business owners of sacrifice or assistance extend it to their host communities that guarantee a mutual relationship and benefits. Often times, this provision from a business to its environment may or may not have direct reward and effect to the business. In this process, business social responsibilities have the capacity of improving the quality of life.
The opinion of George (2005:153) is that in determining the effectiveness of social responsibility of a business organization, consideration need to be given at the right time in their right place and to the right person(s). In so doing organizations should consider the needs and interest of others that are directly or indirectly affected by their given actions. By the words of Onuoha (1994:414) effective business social responsibility consists of the public expected actions. From business on social of the action accordingly, social responsibility involves the creation of a better environment for a business operation. It also assists business to avoid or reduce government regulation; hence business could grow both in social and economic powers. In fact, it provides a favourable public image that benefits stakeholders and the concern business.
1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
    In determining the effectiveness of social responsibilities of a business organization, it is pertinent to look at the ability of such a business to meet up with expectations from its environment.
    In other words, it concerns task or obligation which an organization owe its host communities where they conduct their operations; in as much as an organization uses resources available in an environment to produce goods and services, it is expected that returns from such transactions be paid back to the owners of such resources in form of compensations.
    However, expectations of owners of a business are far above available returns, hence difficulty or organization living up to their corporate social responsibilities. Other reason for not meeting responsibilities of an organization includes;
i.    Hostility or conflicts in the host communities of an organization often causes some setbacks or inability to meeting up with business social responsibilities.
ii.    Inflation’s deactivating effects often make an existing project of a host community to be longer in completing or sometimes become abandoned. In other words rising cost of project during inflation makes an already project not to be adequately executed at the required time, place and persons.
iii.    Vandalization and theft of installations or facilities of organizations have made for delay or outright non completion of some embarked project to host communities firm.
iv.    Instability and inconsistencies of a given government and her policies makes execution of projects difficult or in definite in completing. In other words frequent changes in government’s policies and programmes most times lead to delay in initiation and execution of projects meant for host communities.
v.     Completion of firms in an industry towards satisfying their host communities makes their services delivery to be below standards or expectations.
vi.    Land ownership-free land availability for organizations to extend social responsibilities.
vii.    Inadequate utilization of technological facilities for better services delivery causes delay about any project provisions.
viii.    Difficulty in differentiating the needs of privilege and non-privilege around the environment of organizations host communities terminates or sets back existing projects of such given communities.
1.3.     RESEARCH QUESTIONS
    The following research questions were formed to make this study have a focus;
i.    Are resources of organizations adequate in their services delivery (social responsiveness) to host communities?
ii.    To what extent have hostilities in host communications affected operations and services provision of organization?
iii.    Is it true that organizations usually install vandalization and theft?
iv.    Is it true inflation for the imitation and execution of social projects of host communities could be checked and balanced?
v.    Does irregularities or in consistencies in government policies and programmes affect social responsiveness of organizations to their host communities?
vi.    Is there-any significant relationship between provisions of social responsibility to their host communities?
1.4     OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
    The main purpose of this study is to appraise corporate social responsibilities on their host communities. Other specific objectives include;
i.    To determine the hostility or conflicts in the host communities of an organizations some setbacks or inability to meeting up with business social responsibilities.
ii.    To evaluate the extent of vandalization and theft of installations or facilities of organizations on delay or outright none completion of some embarked projects to host communities of firm.
iii.    To identify the extent of inflations effects on an existing projects of a host communities toward its completion or abandonments.
iv.    To assess the instability and inconsistence of a government and her policies towards execution of projects.
v.    To determine the level of completion of firms in an industry towards satisfying their host communities in services delivery.
vi.    To appraise land ownership claims of host communities on free hold of land to executing social responsibility of organization.
vii.    To make recommendation based on the findings of the study.
1.5     SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
    The outcome of this study will benefit the government business organizations and academic institutions.
    To the government this study will be very necessary for her to assess and regulate the activities of business organizations especially those that provides goods and services. There will be a meaningful development when there is a compromise between firm and government. This is because the activities of one will complement access for tax purposes and for adequate in utilization or resources aimed at growth and development of the entire economy. Government could through this study regulate (controlling) the production and social responsiveness of business in harmful products. In other words, the study will benefit the government in planning coordinating and controlling business in their duties and responsibilities.
    To the organizations, this study is inevitable in their assessment of their potentials and strategy to realizing their organizational goals. In this regard, polices are adjusted for both within the organization and outside it for the purpose of meeting expectation from them.
    To the host communities, the privilege and non-privilege (minorities and majorities) are helped through recording their development projects. Communities are developed socially, economically and politically. Business social responsibility has benefited host of communities through education, health, agriculture, technology etc.
    To the academic institutions, this study will add to the existing ones and serves as reference materials for further research studies.
1.6     SCOPE OF THE STUDY
    This research study will focus on an empirical study on effectiveness of corporate social responsibility in Guiness Nigeria PLC, Benin-city as a case study where the sample and the population will be taken.
1.7     LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Possible Limitations that may be encountered in this study are;
    The problem of bias on the part of the respondent might serve as a limiting factor. Smallness of the sample size might also serve as a limiting factor. The problem of low response rate from the respondents may serves as a limiting factor. Access to respondents may proved very tough as it may takes a lot of time because the concerned personnel of management in the study.