LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter will give an insight into the meaning electronics display board system, ways by which could be achieved, here some discrete components such as resistors, capacitors and transistors with integrated circuits (IC) were used to make this work and it's wiring easier to understand. By the end of this chapter, one would stand a better chance of having an understanding of what electronics display board system is all about, taking all the components used one after the other.

2.1  ORIGIN/HISTORY OF THE PROJECT

The project, electronics display board system began as commercial electronic publishing (electronic display) which started in the mid-1970s with the development of databases of scientific, legal, and business information. These were used mainly by information specialists in large companies and universities, and ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers.

Few small businesses or people at home used form of electronic publication, since the information itself was too specialized, and the software and hardware needed to access it were too expensive. The consumer market for electronic publishing (electronic display) really began with the development or GUIs and the CD-ROM in the late 1980s. Some industry commentators expected that CD-ROM publishing would revolutionize the publishing industry, but the market for CD-ROMs has been slow to develop. With the exception of encyclopaedia and journal publishing, the changes to the publishing industry brought about by electronic publishing have been fairly limited so far. Some designers who adopted the new technology as soon as it appeared found that the market was too small, and consequently they had to scale down their electronic-publishing activities.

Designers who were initially too conservative, however, have found it hard to catch area as reference, where electronic display could have benefited them. Although most designers own the rights to a great deal of text and images, these are often not held in digital format and have to be changed into machine-readable form before being published electronically. Text and images must then be marked up with some form of tagging, so that they can be accessed and manipulated.

2.2  TECHNOLOGY OF ELECTRONICS DISPLAY

2.2.1  Optics and Lighting

In the mid-1990s, cost-effective traffic light lamps using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were developed; prior to this date traffic lights were designed using incandescent or halogen light bulbs. Unlike the incandescent-board lamps, which use a single large bulb, the LED-board lamps consist of an array of LED elements, arranged in various patterns. When viewed from a distance, the array appears as a continuous light source.