WORK-LIFE BALANCE AND ITS EFFECT ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY
- Department: Business Administration and Management
- Project ID: BAM1481
- Access Fee: ₦5,000
- Pages: 75 Pages
- Chapters: 5 Chapters
- Methodology: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
- Reference: YES
- Format: Microsoft Word
- Views: 1,767
Get this Project Materials
WORK-LIFE BALANCE AND EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY
ABSTRACT
The
purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between work-life
balance and employee productivity. It also seeks to find out the
work-life balance programmes available in University of Benin, Benin
City. The barriers faced by employees in the use of work-life balance
programmes as well as the challenges employees faces as a result of
imbalance between their work and life is also a focus of this study.
The
study used survey research design. The academic as well as non academic
staff of University of Benin is the population of the study. The study
used convenience and multi-stage sampling technique and arrived at a
sample size of 60. Questionnaires were used to gather data from
respondents. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential
statistical method.
The study found that there are a wide variety of
work-life balance programmes available in University of Benin and that
there is a positive relationship between work-life balance programmes
and employee productivity. The study recommended that adequate work-life
balance programmes should be put in place in order to improve the
productivity of employees and achieve the goals of organizations.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study - - - - -
1.2 Statement of the Problem - - - - - -
1.3 Research Questions - - - -
1.4 Objectives of the Study - - - - -
1.5 Hypothesis - - - - - -
1.6 Significance of the Study - - - -
1.7 Scope of the Study - - - - - -
1.8 Limitations of the Study -
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction - - - - - -
2.2 Work-life balance - - - -
2.2.1 Causes of Work-life Imbalance - - - -
2.2.2 Work-life Balance Programmes - - - - -
2.2.3 Importance of Work-life Balance - - -
2.2.4 Factors Affecting the Implementation of Work-life Balance Programmes-
2.2.5 Barriers to the Use of Work-life Balance Programmes - -
2.2.6 Consequences of Work-life Imbalance - -
2.2.7 Theories of Work-life Balance - - - - -
2.2.8 Theoretical Framework - - - - - -
2.3 Employee Productivity - - - - - -
2.3.1 Measuring Employee Productivity - - - -
2.4 Work-life Balance and Employee Productivity - - -
2.4.1 Empirical Literature - - - - -
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction - - - - - -
Research Design - - - - - - -
Population, Sample and Sampling Technique - -
3.4 Operationalization and Measurement of Variables - - -
3.5 Research Instrument - - - - -
3.6 Sources of Data - - - - - -
3.7 Method of Data Analysis - - - -
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSES OF RESULT
4.1 Introduction - - - - - -
4.2 Data Analysis - - - - - - -
4.2.1 Demographic Variables - - - - - - -
4.2.2 Work-life balance programmes in UNIBEN` - -
4.2.3 Relationship Between Work-life Balance and Employee Productivity -
4.2.4 Barriers Faced by Employees in the Use of Work-life Balance Programmes
4.2.5 Effects of Work-life Imbalance on employee - - -
4.3 Discussion of Findings - - - - - -
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Introduction - - - - - - -
5.2 Summary of Findings - - - - - -
5.3 Conclusion - - - - - - -
5.4 Recommendations - - - - - -
5.4.1 Policy Recommendations - - - -
5.4.2 Future Studies - - - - - -
Appendix - - - - - - -
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1: Respondents’ demographic information - -
Table 4.2: - - - - - - - -
Table 4.3: Relationship between work-life balance and employee -
Table 4.4: - - - - - -
Table 4.5: - - - - - - -
Table 4.6: - - - - - - - -
Table 4.7 - - - - - - - - -
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Prior to the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th century, work
and life were closer to each other. In the agrarian societies, work was
mostly done by family members. After the Industrial Revolution, work and
life were separated due to the movement of work away from the family
tothe factories and cities. As a result of this separation, the issue of
achieving a balance between work and other aspects of life arose.
In
recent years, there has been a lot of debate over the issue of
work-life balance and employee productivity. While some people are of
the opinion that spending time away from work for personal reasons will
be detrimental to the productivity of the employee, others believe that
being able to manage one's time and spend it on work and personal life
satisfactorily will aid employees to perform better in the work place.
Nowadays,
employers demand more from their employees in terms of their time,
skill, mental and other efforts expected of the employee on the job.
This is so because the increasing rate of globalization, mobilization,
new technologies and growing service sector has made competition among
firms not only to be on a national level but also on a global level.
With this intensive competition, employers need their employees to
utilize their capabilities optimally in order to ensure that they have a
competitive edge and stay in business as well as to achieve the goals
of the organization.
Employees on their part, though they have a
responsibility to their employers do not have their lives revolving
around their jobs. They do not live in isolation, they have a life
outside their jobs. Their personal life also deserves attention from
them especially with the increasing participation of women in the labour
force and the changes in the demography of the work force. Issues in
their personal life includes spending time with their family, they also
need time for their religious and spiritual growth. Leisure time is also
an important aspect of one's personal life as well as time to check up
on health related issues.
These various aspects of the employee's
life are just as important as his work, hence there is a need to strike a
balance between personal life and work of the employee. This is
necessary to avoid conflict between employee's personal life and work; a
situation where work issues affect personal life and one's personal
life affects his work. It may also lead to stress and stress related
issues as well as performance on the part of the employee that falls
below optimum value. Hamming and Bauer (2009) investigated and
discovered that when work-life imbalance and mental health issues
develop in males as well as females, they tend to develop further issues
such as negative emotions, depression, low energy, pessimism, fatigue
and sleep disorders.
Some authors believe that since work-life
balance is an interaction between employee's work and various aspects of
his life, there is a need for employers to put in place policies and
programmemes that will enhance work-life balance of employees. This will
ensure that the employee is fully concentrated on his job; lead to
satisfaction with his job and on the long improve his productivity. The
balanced work-life score provides an organization with a productive and
innovative employee (Greenhaus, 2003), whereas disparity in the
work-life balance tends to develop depressed and dissatisfied staff
(Kofodimos, 1993).
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem0
Managers
often times downplay the importance of work-life balance of their
employees, they believe that the more time spent by employees on their
jobs, the better it is for the organisation. This may be borne out if
ignorance or out of the belief that they will maximize the money spent
on salaries when employees work round the clock. This is so in the case
of most Nigerian employers whose employees spend at least 10 hours on
the job, 6 days a week.
Most employers are not aware of the
importance of balance between work and life of their employees, hence
they do not place appropriate relevance on the subject. This
consequently leads to lack of policies and programmes that improves the
work-life balance of their employees. Employers are also not aware of
the work-life balance challenges faced by their employees and how these
challenges affect their productivity and the overall success of the
organisation. Even when these programmes are available in the
organization, there are also some barriers that employees face that
prevents them from using these available work-life programmes. This
study is therefore timely in establishing the various work-life balance
programmes available for organizations; the relationship between
work-life balance and employee productivity; work-life imbalance
challenges as well as the barriers employees face in the use of
work-life balance programmes.
1.3 Research Questions
Following from the research problem, the following research questions are relevant:
1. What are the various work-life balance programmes available in University of Benin?
2. Is there a relationship between work-life balance and employee productivity?
3. What are the barriers faced by employees in the use of work-life balance programmes?
4. What effect does work-life imbalance have on employees?
1.4 Objectives of the Study
To examine the various work-life balance programmes available in University of Benin.
To ascertain the relationship between work-life balance and employee productivity.
To find the barriers faced by employees in the use of work-life balance programmes
To identify the effects of work-life imbalance on employees
1.5 Hypothesis
The study seeks to test the relationship between work-life balance and employee productivity.
HO: There is no relationship between work-life balance and employee productivity.
1.6 Significance of the Study
Basically,
the study will provide an insight to employers on how they can manage
their employees in order to improve their performance and to see that
the organisation is not always better off when employees work round the
clock. This study will also help employers save costs associated with
work-life imbalance. The costs to organisations for failing to improve
work-life balance include: poor performance, absenteeism and sick leave,
higher staff turnover, recruitment and training costs (Department of
Trade and Industry, 2001).
Employees will also find this study useful
as it exposes them to opportunity of achieving balance between their
work and personal life which would reduce stress and other health
related effects of work-life imbalance and enable them to be satisfied
with their work and increase their productivity.
Also, most research
that has been carried out on the subject matter has been done outside
Nigeria. Hence this study will help to verify if the effects of
work-life imbalance and barriers to the use of work-life balance
programmes that has been identified by foreign literature are actually
experienced by employees in Nigeria, given the difference in culture and
attitude towards work.
Society also stand to gain from this study
because proper understanding of the concept will enable working-class
parents manage their time so as to have enough time to spend with their
children in order to inculcate values, ethics and morals in them which
will reduce the crime rates and number of juvenile delinquents in the
society and the society will be better off.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This
study will seek answer the research question stated above on the topic,
“Work-life Balance and Employee Productivity”. Since the actual
productivity of employees in their various work place is difficult to
measure, this study will be limited to the perception of staff of the
University of Benin, Ugbowo, Benin City.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
In
the course of carrying out this study, the researcher is faced with a
number of factors that may affect the accuracy of the work. They
include:
The research is based on the perception of workers and this
is dependent on what they think, which may not be what actually obtains
in the real world. Bias in filling out the questionnaire by respondents
can affect the outside of the study.
The sample size may not be large enough to generalise for the entire population.
There
is also the inability to select a perfectly random sample. Convenience
sampling and multi-stage sampling techniques will be introduced to make
up for this imperfection.
- Department: Business Administration and Management
- Project ID: BAM1481
- Access Fee: ₦5,000
- Pages: 75 Pages
- Chapters: 5 Chapters
- Methodology: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
- Reference: YES
- Format: Microsoft Word
- Views: 1,767
Get this Project Materials