THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON N.C.E. GRADUATES
(A CASE STUDY OF IKPOBA-OKHA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, EDO STATE)  
ABSTRACT
 This research was conducted to investigate “causes and effects of unemployment on N.C.E. graduates in Benin City, Edo State capital. In the course of carrying out the work, the researcher looked at the type of unemployment, some of which include frictional unemployment, seasonal unemployment, cyclical unemployment and residual unemployment. The researcher also focuses her attention on reviewing related literature. More so, it was revealed that some of the causes of unemployment are too many for N.C.E. graduates seeking jobs. Irrelevance of the course studies, the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas. However, some recommendations were made in the closing chapter among which are; Government should restructure our education system to suit the demands of the society, Government should make agriculture more attractive, Good development plan, finally, government should provide necessary infrastructure to prevent the rural-urban migration, if these are provided by the government, it will help to reduce unemployment rate to an extent.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter one        
Introduction
Background of the study
Statement of the problems
Objectives of the study
Research question
Scope of the study
Limitation of the study
Significance of the study
Definition of terms
Chapter two        
Literature review
Types of unemployment
Causes of unemployment
Effect of unemployment on N.C.E. graduates
Solution of unemployment on N.C.E. graduates
Chapter three      
Research methodology
The study area
Population of the study
Sample method
Sample size
Research instrument
Organization of data
Statistical methods of data analysis
Chapter four       
Data analysis
Chapter five        
Summary, conclusion and recommendations
Summary and conclusion
Recommendations
References
Questionnaire
 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The rate at which the members of unemployed N.C.E. graduates in Edo State roam the street and city without job has began to draw the attention of everybody. One would begin to wonder as to the causes of these ugly trends or further still the influence it has on the economy of Edo State.
In the course of this research, it is important to know the meaning of the concept of ‘unemployment’ in order to do justice to the causes and effects of unemployment on N.C.E. graduates.
Unemployment is a condition or situation whereby persons capable and willing to work are unable to get paid employment.
In any economy, there are many people perhaps even most of the population who do not have paid jobs because they are nursing babies or looking after their families.
Unemployment refer to those who are involuntary without work, those who want jobs but cannot find them.
  It is never possible to have 100% employment in any economy, hence the following types of unemployment may be found.
Frictional unemployment: This consists of workers in the process of moving from one job to another, who show up in the unemployment figure at any particular time.
Structural unemployment: These are physically, mentally and intellectually healthy people who cannot find them. It is this structural unemployment that the researcher of this thesis is concerned about.
Unemployables: These are people with physical or mental handicap, which means that although they would like to work, there is no work, which they are able to do.
Normal or transitional unemployment: This occur when people change their jobs, that is, people merely desire to change or move to a different part of the country for better jobs prospect.
Cyclical unemployment: This term refers to the alternate booms and slumps in the level of industry activity.
Visible unemployment: This is the existence of a large number of people who do not have work and who are dearly looking for work.
Invisible unemployment: This on the other hand is a situation whereby people are not looking but they are not looking for work because they feel that there are no employment opportunities for them.
The problems of unemployment date back to the 1930s, even before the great world economic depression. In Nigeria, specifically, Edo State by the year 1960, school leavers secured jobs with relative ease, skilled labour especially N.C.E. graduates was scared and difficult to come by and it was the employers who looked for them instead of the other way round as it is now. However, it must be emphasized that this research is concerned with the unemployables frictional unemployment. But what this author is researching into the effect and pattern of visible supply deficiency and structurally unemployed, College of Education graduates in Edo State.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
The magnitude of the effect of unemployment is difficult to determine because Edo State like Nigeria is plaque with insufficient statistical data and records.
The problems of unemployment on N.C.E. graduates are growing at an alarming rate.
Graduates come out from the college of education without hope of getting employed in the state. This has led to the study of the causes and effect and possible solution to N.C.E. graduates unemployment problems in Benin City particularly and Nigeria in general.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are to;
1.      Examine the cause and nature of unemployment among N.C.E. graduates
2.       Examine the effects of unemployment on N.C.E. holders in Benin City
3.    Recommend possible solutions to the identified problems of unemployment among this group of graduates, which can aid in reducing the effects.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
i.       What are the major factors responsible for unemployment?
ii.         What are the problems encountered as a result of being unemployed?
iii.      Does unemployment lead to health problems?
iv.                What are the effects of unemployment to the family?
v.                  What is the statistic of the unemployed on Ikpoba-Okha L.G.A.?
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this project work embraces the whole nation but for the purpose of being specific, this study also focuses on the causes and effect of unemployment on N.C.E. graduates only.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY  
This research was will be useful to the federal government, local government, tertiary institutions, students and general public.
Since the causes and effect of unemployment has been identified and enumerated, it is hoped that the state government will undoubtedly tackle it and accelerate economic development in the state.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
In the course of this study, some terms used in the process are defined as follows;
Unemployment is a condition or situation whereby persons capable and willing to work are unable to get paid employment.
Frictional unemployment: This is the process of moving from one job to another by workers.
Structural unemployment: These are physically, mentally and intellectually healthy people who cannot find them. It is this structural unemployment that the researcher of this thesis is concerned about.
Visible unemployment: This refers to the association of a large number of people who do not have work and who are dearly looking for job.
Unemployables: This is as of physical or mental handicap, which means that although they would like to work, there is no work, which they are able to work.
Normal or transitional unemployment: This occur when people change their jobs, that is, people merely desire to change or move to a different part of the country for better jobs prospect.
Cyclical unemployment: This terms refers to the alternate booms and slumps in the level of industrial activity.