DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN INTRUDER DETECTOR FOR OFFICE AND HOME USE

ABSTRACT

This project deals on the design and construction of an intruder detector for home and office use. Security as one of the biggest issues in our world today and we need a system that will be able to monitor our home, offices and industries by using two sensing circuits, touch and motion sensors. These sensors will cheek for an intruder in two different positions or location and with an alarm system alerts the user about the presence of an intruder. An intruder detector for office and home use is a device that detects movement of an object like human being. Many projects review the concept of intruder detecting system, but this project deals with the full practical work of the concept to prevent unauthorized person into a restricted area in our home, Industries, etc.

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE                                                                                    i

CERTIFICATION PAGE                                                                 ii

APPROVAL PAGE                                                                          iii

DEDICATION                                                                                  iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENT                                                                             v

ABSTRACT                                                                                     vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS                                                                  vii

LIST OF TABLE                                                                              xi

LIST OF FIGURE                                                                             xii

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION                                                                                     1

1.1BACKGROUND OF STUDY                                                     1

1.2OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT                                                       2

1.3THE JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT                                2

1.4SCOPE OF PROJECT                                                                 3

1.5CONSTRAINTS                                                                          3

1.6PROJECT REPORT ORGANIZATION                                               3

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW                                                                  5

2.1 ORIGIN                                                                                               5

2.2 OVERVIEW                                                                               6

2.3 SENSORS                                                                                  6

2.4 HISTORY OF SECURITY                                                                  7

2.5 BASIC OF AN INTRUDER SYSTEM                                                8

2.6 RESIDENTIAL CRIME PREVENTION                                    9

CHAPTER THREE

DESIGN ANALYSIS                                                                       11

3.1   DESIGN METHODOLOGY                                                     11

3.2      PROJECT SPECIFICATION:                                                  

3.3 HARDWARE SUBSYSTEM                                                     14

3.3.1 THE INPUT INTERFACE DESIGN                                       16

3.3.2 CHOOSING THE RESISTOR VALUE                                   17

3.3.3 ANALYSIS                                                                                      18

3.4            ALARM UNIT                                                                        19

3.4.1    COMPONENTS ANALYSIS                                                  21

3.4.2    DIODES                                                                                  21

3.4.3    TYPES OF DIODES                                                               22

3.5 LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES OR LED'S                                   23

3.4.4    VOLTAGE REGULATORS

3.4.5 TRANSISTORS                                                                      30

3.4.6   LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR (LDR)                                      34

CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION                                                       35

4.1 CONCEPTUAL OVERVIEW OF PROJECT LAYOUT            35

4.2 INSTRUCTION                                                                          35

CHAPTER FIVE

SYSTEM TESTING                                                                         38

5.1 SYSTEM TESTING AND INTEGRATION                              38

5.2 TEST PLAN AND TEST DATA                                                         39

5.2.1  COMPONENTS TEST                                                           39

5.2.2 SYSTEM TEST                                                                       40

5.2.3 OTHER TESTS                                                                       41

5.3     EXPERIMENTED RESULT VS ACTUAL RESULT            41

CHAPTER SIX:

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION                                                  42

6.1  SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENT                                            42

6.2 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND SOLUTION                    42

6.3 CONCLUSION                                                                           43

REFERENCES                                                                                 44

LIST OF TABLE

Table 3.1: Voltage Regulators output voltages                                 20

Table 3.2: Resistor color cude                                                                   28

Table 5.1: Test of Transistor                                                            40

Table 5.2: Experimented value/actual value                                              41

TABLE OF FIGURES

FIG 1.1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROJECT REPORT                                          4

FIG 3.1:  FIVE (5) DESIGN STEPS                                                       13

FIG 3.2:  System block diagram                                                                15

Fig 3.3:  Input Sensor Design                                                           16

Fig 3.5: LM7805                                                                               20

Fig 3.4: Symbols of diodes                                                               22

Fig 3.5 - connecting LED to supply                                                                       24

Fig 3.7: Resistor connected in series                                                 26

Fig 3.8: Resistors connected in parallel                                             27

Fig 3.9:  Resistor color code representation                                              28

Fig 3.10: Transistor circuit symbols                                                 30

Fig 3.11: Current path of a Transistor                                                      31

Fig 3.12 Model of NPN Transistor                                                   32

Figure 3.12: Light Dependent Resistor Symbol                                34

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1   Background of Study

Environmental, home and office security against intruders has become a thing of individual, national and international concern. The essence of this project is to provide a cost effective and more efficient security system in areas like homes, industries military etc. The application of this project will enhance effectiveness necessitating to security measures. It relevance, upgrades the conventional security system to automated system that will require little of human intervention. This project also builds a platform for further sophistication of automated security system by detailing all the measures taken in realizing this system. This will ensure a complete intruder proof system which will take care.

Intruder for home and office use is a design that detects the presence of an intruder in restricted areas and also informs the user by triggering an alarm. The system is based on hardware controller and other electronic design. This hardware controller uses two sensors, one for human touch sensing and the other for movement. The movement sensor uses light dependent resistor which must work in hand with a security light incident to it. With the security light, the system can receive signal when the intruder is around and translate the received signal from the sensors to useful information. In this design we have implored the use of hardware components, creativity and logics to bring about the entire project.

1.2    Aims and Objective

The aim and objective of this project is to provide a cost effective and efficient security device for home and office use, to offer its users a paramount security.

1.3    Scope

The system can sense human touch and movement then triggers an alarm when powered with a 9v battery. It is a home intruder system that stops intruders before they get in and can summon help immediately making sure the family under its protection is absolutely safe.

1.4   Justification of the project

This project makes it difficult for intruders to break into a home when there is a spotlight shining down to them. Then with the light dependent resistor that works with the spot of light, makes this project a home intruder system that keeps criminals further away from a family.

1.5   Constraint

The biggest setback experienced during the course of this project is financial difficulties in funding the design of the project Secondly, sourcing of materials and components used was not easy. Finding the motion sensor wasn’t an easy task. Some of the components I used for this project were very difficult to find like the transistor for buffer. Furthermore, I received a severe electric shock while trying to interface some circuits into my design that made me to almost give up.

1.6 Report organization

This project report was written in such a way that each chapter is related to the next as shown below

FIG 1.1:

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROJECT REPORT

The organization of the project report is well detailed and vast in its coverage. It covers all the activities encountered during the research work. The first chapter is the introductory chapter, which covers the background, project objectives, project justification, scope of the project, constraints and block diagram overview of the states. Chapter two presents the literature reviews. Chapter three covers the system analysis and design in details  Chapter four presents the system implementation which entails the component layout, the wiring schedule, the wiring diagram and also the complete schematic diagram. Chapter five covers the testing and integration of the project design. Chapter six is the summary and conclusion which includes the summary of achievements, problems encountered during project design, recommendation and suggestion for further improvement.