ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to determine effects of corporal punishment

on pupils in the selected schools of Kirinyaga district Kenya. Specific

objectives of the study were to: Identify the Causes of corporal punishment Determine

the Psychological Effects of corporal punishment, Investigate the Social

consequences of corporal punishment, determine the Physical effects of

corporal punishment, determine how Corporal punishment leads to School

Drop Out and determine the effects of corporal punishment on Classroom

Discipline and Instruction. The methods used for data collection were

interviews with teachers and questionnaires were distributed to pupils.

Observation was also be done on the state of the children and focus group

discussions were held with the community members in languages that

they understood. The findings revealed that the most cause of corporal punishment was

poverty that is 94.4%, followed by drug abuse 90.3%, 88.9 of the

respondents also mentioned child labor. 48.6% of the respondents strongly

agreed that corporal punishment leads to depression. The study also

established by 59% that corporal punishment leads to violence. 45.9% of

the respondents strongly agreed that corporal punishment leads to

injuries. The study also established by 35% respondents that corporal

punishment leads to school drop out and finally 3 7. 8% of the respondents

strongly agreed that Corporal punishment leads to further indiscipline. The

study recommended that: The community should be sensitized and

educated on the effects of corporal punishment on children and also

change their attitudes towards it and also teach them how to punish their

children positively. Teachers, parents and the community should adopt the

use of positive reinforcement. Use of positive reinforcement techniques

reduces the frequency and extent of student misbehavior. Guidance and

counseling should be availed in schools to help children who are

emotionally disturbed whish results into misbehavior.

TABLE OF CONTENT

DECLARA.TION ........................................................................... i

APPROVAL ................................................................................ ii

DEDICATION ............................................................................ iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................ iv

Definition of terms ................................................................... v

TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................ vi

LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................... b!

LIST OF BAR CHARTS ............................................................... x

ABSTRACT ............................................................................... xi

CHAPTER ONE .......................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1

1.1 Background to the study ........................................................... 1

1.2 Statement of the problem ........................................................... 2

1.3 Objectives of the study ............................................................... 3

1.4 Research Questions ................................................................... 3

1.5 Scope of the study ..................................................................... 4

1.6 Significance of the study ............................................................ 4

CHAPTER TWO ......................................................................... 5

LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................... 5

Introduction .................................................................................... 5

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK. ........................................................ 10

CHAPTER THREE .................................................................... 11

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................... 11

3.0. Introduction ........................................................................... 11

3 .1. Research Design ..................................................................... 11

3.2. Organization of the study ........................................................ 11

3.2.1. Study area ........................................................................... 11

3.2.2 Study population .................................................................. 11

3.2.3. Sample size ......................................................................... 11

3.2.4. Sampling technique ............................................................. 12

3.3. Data collection ........................................................................ 12

3.3.1. Sources of data .................................................................... 12

3.3.2 Reliability of instruments ...................................................... 12

3.4. Data collection procedure ....................................................... 12

3.5. Data analysis .......................................................................... 13

CHAPTER FOUR ...................................................................... 14

DATA PRESENTATION ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS AND

INTERPRETATION ................................................................... 14

4.0 Introduction ............................................................................ 14

4.1. Profile of the respondents ....................................................... 14

4.2. Causes of corporal punishment .............................................. 15

4.3. Psychological Consequences of Corporal Punishment .............. 18

4.4. Social consequences of corporal punishment .......................... 23

4.5. Physical effects of corporal punishment .................................. 27

4.6. Corporal punishment leads and School Drop Out ................... 31

4.7.Corporal punishment on Classroom Discipline and Instruction 34

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................. 37

5.0. Introduction ........................................................................... 37

5.1.Summary of findings and Discussions .................................... 37

5.2. Conclusion ............................................................................. 39

5.3. Recommendations .................................................................. 40

Suggestions for further research .................................................... 40

References ..................................................................................... 41

APPENDICES ........................................................................... 43

APPENDIX I: TRANSMIT AL LETTER ........................................ 43

Appendix II: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PUPILS ............•................ 44

Appendix III: Interview guide for teachers and focus group

discussion for the community members ................•.............•.•• 46

Appendix IV: MAP OF THE RESEARCH AREA .........•••.............. 48