ABSTRACT

The bacteriological examination of drinking water sourced from Ugbawka Town, Nkanu East Local Government Area of Enugu State was carried out to determine the bacterial load in the water samples and organisms that contaminates the water. The water samples were spring water, well water and surface tank reservoir of rain water. They were collected from Ugbawka town Nkanu East in a sterile container. Using pour plate plating technique 0.1ml of water sample was pipetted into Petri dishes and the already prepared agar (nutrient agar and MacConkey agar) was poured into Petri-dishes, swirled for an homogeneous mixture, allowed to solidify and incubated at 37^oc for 24hours. Presumption coliform counts was carried out by carried out using double strength lactose and single strength lactose broth in test in tubes. Incubated for 37^oC for 24hurs. The result showed that a high count of microorganism were president in well water, spring water had a lesser counts and reservoir had a low count. The bacterial isolated are; Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella. These showed that well and spring water contained microbial contaminant and there should be need for adequate treatment of water to avoid water borne diseases e.g. cholera, Aeromonas, Salmonella and Streptococcus.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0       Introduction    -           -           -           -           -           -           -          

1.1       Background Information        -           -           -           -           -          

1.2       Statement of Problems-          -           -           -           -           -          

1.3       Objective of the study-           -           -           -           -           -          

1.4       Hypothesis      -           -           -           -           -           -           -          

1.5       Significance of the study        -           -           -           -           -          

1.6   Limitation of the study   -           -           -           -           -          

CHAPTER TWO

2.0              Literature Review.      -           -           -           -           -           -

2.1              Source of water -        -           -           -           -           -           -          

2.1.1        Surface water -            -           -           -           -           -          

2.1.2        Groundwater water -  -           -           -           -          

2.1.3        Desalination water -    -           -           -           -           -          

2.1.4        Frozen water   -           -           -           -           -           -          

2.2              Uses of water -            -           -           -           -           -           -           -          

2.2.1        Industrial use -            -           -           -           -           -           -          

2.2.2        House hold use -         -           -           -           -           -          

2.2.3        Recreation use -          -           -           -           -           -          

2.2.4        Agricultural use -        -           -           -           -           -          

2.2.5        Environmental use -    -           -           -           -           -          

2.3              Indicator organisms in water -            -           -           -           -          

2.3.1        Coliforms -      -           -           -           -           -           -          

2.3.2        Fecal coliforms -         -           -           -           -           -          

2.3.3        Fecal Enterococci -     -           -           -           -           -          

2.4              Adaptability to changing environment shown by some bacteria “Cholera” - -           -           -           -           -            -          

2.5              Water related diseases/infections -     -           -           -          

2.6              Treatment of water borne diseases     -           -           -          

2.7              Prevention of water borne disease      -           -           -          

CHAPTER THREE

3.0              Materials and Method -           -           -           -           -          

3.1              Materials         -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -          

3.2              Methods          -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -          

3.3              Media preparation -     -           -           -           -           -           -          

3.4              Collection of samples -           -           -           -           -           -          

3.5              Sterilization of Materials -      -           -           -           -          

3.6              Method of water analysis       -           -           -           -          

3.6.1        Determination of pH   -           -           -           -          

3.6.2        Determination of bacteria of the coli form groups     -          

3.6.3        Culturing techniques   -           -           -           -          

3.6.4        Plate count techniques            -           -           -           -          

3.6.5        The presumption coliform (multiple tube fermentation)         -           -           -           -           -           -           -           

3.6.6        Confirmatory test        -           -           -           -           -          

3.6.7        Completed test -         -           -           -           -           -          

3.6.8        Test for indole -          -           -           -           -           -          

3.6.9        Methyl red test            -           -           -           -           -           -          

3.6.10    Sugar test -      -           -           -           -           -           -          

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0       Result  -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -          

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0       Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation           -          

5.1       Discussion       -           -           -           -           -           -           -          

5.2       Conclusion      -           -           -           -           -           -           -