ABSTRACT

The antibacterial producing properties of Actinomycetes were carried out using soil samples collected from different locations at Osun State University, Osogbo, main campus. The soil samples were collected from twelve (12) diffeferent locations within the study site. The samples were cultured aseptically by inoculating each samples on Starch Casein agar and incubated at 30oC. Identification and characterization were carried out by morphology, microscopic and biochemical tests. The production of pigments on plates were also observed. Actinomycetes isolates were presumptively identified. All Actinomycetes isolates were screened for the production of bioactive compounds. The preliminary screening was done using cross streak method while secondary screening was done using agar well diffusion method as shown in Table 4 and 5 respectively. Both screening test reveals the ability of six (6) Actinomycetes isolates to be active against three (3) out of seven (7) bacteria isolated from the body of HIV positive patients (which was used as test bacteria)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE                                                           

CERTIFICATION ii

DEDICATION iii

ACKNOLEDGEMENT iv

TABLE OF CONTENT v

ABSTRACT xii

CHAPER ONE 1

1.0 Introduction and literature review 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Literature review 2

1.2.1 Taxonomic history of Actinomycetes 2

1.2.1.1 Streptomycinea 3

1.2.1.2 Corynebacterineae 3

1.2.1.3 Micrococcineae 4

1.2.1.4 Micromonosporineae 4

1.2.1.5 Propionibacteriaceae 5

1.2.1.6 Streptosporangineae 5

1.2.1.7 Frankineae 5

1.2.2 Ecology of antibiotic producing Actinomycetes 6

1.2.2.1 Actinomycetes as soil inhabitant 6

1.2.2.2 Actinomycetes as rhizobacteria 7

1.2.3 Economic importance of actinomycetes 7

1.2.3.1 Ecological Importance 7

1.2.3.2 Human Health Importance 8

1.2.3.3 Infections 8

1.2.3.4 Actinomycetes as Antifungals 9

1.2.3.5 Actinomycetes as roduction of plantgrowth hormone (indole-3-acetic acid) 9

1.2.3.6 Actinomycetes in Biocorrosion 10

1.2.3.7 Actinomycetes in Bioremediation 10

1.2.3.8 Numbers of actinomycetales species, including the all rare actinos, known to produce bioactive metabolites 11

1.2.3.8.1 Streptomycetaceae 11

1.2.3.8.2 Micromonosporaceae (Actinoplanetes) 11

1.2.3.8.3 Pseudonocardiaceae 11

1.2.3.8.4 Streptosporangiaceae (Maduromycetes) 11

1.2.3.8.5 Thermomonosporaceae 11

1.2.3.8.6 Mycobacteriaceae (Actinobacteria) 11

1.2.3.8.7 Other (unclassified) species 11

1.3Objectives of study 12

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Materials and methodology 13

2.1 Materials 13

2.2 Methodology 13

2.2.1 Sterilization of equipment and materials 13

2.3 Collection of samples             14

2.4 Microbiological analysis

2.4.1 Preparation of culture media 14

2.4.2 Enumeration and Isolation of Actinomycetes in the soil sample 14

2.4.3 Purification of Actinomycetes isolates 14

2.4.4 Identification 14

2.4.4.1 Morphological identification 14

2.4.4.2 Biochemical identification 15

2.4.4.2.1 Catalase test 15

2.4.4.2.2 Indole test 15

2.4.4.2.3 Starch hydrolysis 16

2.4.4.2.4 Casein hydrolysis 16

2.4.4.2.5 Triple Sugar Iron 16

2.5 Screening for antibacterial properties of actinomycetes against clinical bacteria isolates

2.5.1 Primary screening of antimicrobial properties 16

2.5.2 Extraction of antibacterial compounds. 17

2.5.3 Secondary screening of antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method 17

CHAPER THREE

3.0 RESULTS 19

3.1 Actinomycetes enumeration table 22

3.2 Morphological characteristics of actinomycetes from soil 25

3.3 Biochemical characteristics of Actinomycetes isolated from soil. 29

3.4 Diameters of zone of inhibition in (mm) from primary screening 33

3.5 Diameters of zone of inhibition in (mm) from secondary screening 37

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 39

4.1 Discussion 39

4.2 Conclusion 39

4.3 Recommendation 40